Todd Honeycutt

Out of sight, out of mind: including group quarters residents with household residents can change what we know about working-age people with disabilities.

Information about residents of institutional and noninstitutional group quarters (GQ), particularly those with disabilities, has been limited by gaps in survey data, and statistics based on data that exclude some or all GQ residents are biased as estimates of total population statistics. We used the 2006 and 2007 American Community Survey (ACS) to identify the distribution of working-age populations with and without disabilities by major residence type and to assess the sensitivity of disability statistics to GQ residence. Our findings show that (1) of those with disabilities, about 1 in 13 males and 1 in 33 females live in GQ; (2) GQ rates are higher for individuals reporting mental, self-care, or go-outside-the-home disabilities than for those reporting sensory, physical, or employment disabilities; (3) younger males with disabilities are more likely to reside there, particularly at institutional GQ, reflecting their relatively high incarceration rate; (4) individuals with and without disabilities who are black, American Indian, were never married, or have less than a high school education have higher GQ residence rates; (5) 40% of male and 62% of female GQ residents have a disability; (6) adding GQ residents to household residents increases estimated disability prevalence for males by 6%, and the estimated difference between disability prevalence rates by gender nearly disappears; and (7) inclusion of the GQ population substantially lowers employment rate estimates for young males, blacks, and American Indians.

Using Social Network Analysis to Predict Early Collaboration within Health Advocacy Coalitions.

Within coalitions of consumer advocates formed to advance health insurance coverage expansions, engaging in united advocacy activities soon after formation might be an important precursor to attaining coalition effectiveness in shaping policy. In this article, the authors apply social network analysis (SNA) to examine how organizational characteristics and interorganizational relationships related to early collaboration on advocacy activities within advocacy coalitions. All interorganizational relationships the authors assessed were significantly associated with early collaboration in advocacy activities, with communication most associated with the differences in collaboration observed across coalitions. Among organizational characteristics, having more resources—as measured by the number of recent policy maker contacts and being the organization that directly received the grant—were statistically significant. Their findings suggest that even organizations that have not worked together before can become engaged in collaborative activities at a relatively early stage. They also show that SNA techniques can usefully be applied to advocacy evaluations.

Employment and Economic Well-Being of People With and Without Disabilities Before and After the Great Recession

The latest U.S. economic recession, commonly referred to as the Great Recession, has had a far-reaching impact, but its effects may be disproportionately experienced by working-age people with disabilities, given their already tenuous attachment to the labor force. We used data from the Current Population Survey both to describe the experiences of working-age people with disabilities during 2006–2012 (a period beginning before and ending after the Great Recession) and to compare the experiences of this population with those of working-age people without disabilities. We found few significant differences in the characteristics of people with disabilities before and after the Great Recession. The employment rate of people with disabilities was low both before and after the recession, though the decline in employment among people with disabilities was somewhat greater than for people without disabilities. The employment declines observed during this period for people with disabilities reflect a long-term downward trend that has persisted for decades, raising concerns that people with disabilities are permanently exiting the labor force. Job loss after the recession was particularly concentrated among people with disabilities in blue-collar and goods-producing jobs. People with and without disabilities experienced similar increases in poverty. Ongoing surveillance of the characteristics and employment of people with disabilities is needed to identify trends and develop policies to promote their independence and economic security.

Bridging the gap: A comparative assessment of vocational rehabilitation agency practices with transition-age youth

This study explores the variation in state vocational rehabilitation agency practices with youth with disabilities transitioning to adulthood.

Is Timing Everything? Disability Onset of Youth and Their Outcomes As Young Adults

The accumulation of human capital during childhood and adolescence greatly influences the value employers place on youth as they transition into the adult labor market. Disabilities acquired prior to adulthood have the potential to disrupt this critical human capital accumulation. This study examines how disability onset among youth affects their education and employment outcomes as young adults. We find that youth with limiting disabilities—especially mental limiting impairments—have poorer labor market and human capital outcomes than their peers without limitations. We also discover some evidence that youth with persistent or later onset disabilities have poorer outcomes than those whose disabilities dissipate as they become adults. These findings suggest that surveys targeting youth and young adults should consider including better measures of disability onset and mental impairment status to understand the disability characteristics of this population.

Striking while the iron is hot: The effect of vocational rehabilitation service wait times on employment outcomes for applicants receiving Social Security disability benefits

State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies play a significant role in supporting the employment goals of people with disabilities, but delays in the receipt of vocational services could adversely affect employment outcomes of applicants for services. This study explores the effect of waiting for VR services on employment outcomes for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries. Using multivariate models based on agency order of selection characteristics and a measure of the usual wait time for VR services, the study found that longer wait times are associated with lower employment outcomes at VR closure and throughout SSA administrative data.

Closures are the tip of the iceberg: Exploring the variation in state vocational rehabilitation program exits after service receipt

State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies provide important employment services for people with disabilities. Yet little is known about the characteristics of individuals who have received VR services compared to the general population of people with disabilities. Using 2007 data, we found that 1.3 of every 100 working-age adults with a disability received services from a VR agency, with some states’ rates ranging from 0.6 percent in Washington and Puerto Rico to 4.0 percent in Vermont. We also found large differences in some states across demographic, educational, and disability subgroups. Further research could answer questions about why some groups are more likely to use VR services than others and whether VR agencies should target more resources to certain groups.

The relationship between timely delivery of vocational rehabilitation services and subsequent federal disability benefit application and receipt

Federal/state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies offer services to individuals with disabilities that may help them remain in the labor force and avoid entering Social Security Administration (SSA) disability programs. We assess how the availability of VR services within an agency at the time an individual applies to receive VR services is related to subsequent application and receipt of SSA disability benefits. We find that individuals have a higher likelihood of subsequently applying for and receiving disability benefits when they apply in months that the VR agency serves a lower percentage of applicants or has a longer average wait for services.JEL codesH55, H75, J29

Youth With Disabilities at the Crossroads The Intersection of Vocational Rehabilitation and Disability Benefits for Youth With Disabilities

State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies are well positioned to assist youth aged 16 to 24 years with disabilities who are transitioning from school to work. Using Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 records matched to Social Security Administration (SSA) administrative records, this article adds to the knowledge about state VR agency provision of services to youth with disabilities and differences in outcomes based on SSA benefit receipt status. Although agencies’ statistics varied widely, almost one in six SSA beneficiaries who sought VR services had at least 1 month of benefit suspension due to work within 48 months of their VR applications, and about one in 10 VR applicants without SSA benefits at the time of their VR application received SSA benefits within 48 months. SSA beneficiaries received services from VR agencies at the same level as non-SSA beneficiaries, but the levels at which they were employed when they closed from services were lower. The results have two main policy implications. First, the level of resources to which agencies have access may be important in influencing the outcomes we measured. Second, agency differences in the proportion of SSA beneficiaries who eventually had benefit suspension due to work point to the potential for additional gains by agencies in this area.

The Healthy Weight Collaborative: Using Learning Collaboratives to Enhance Community-based Prevention Initiatives Addressing Childhood Obesity

This report from the field describes the design, implementation, and early evaluation results of the Healthy Weight Collaborative, a federally-supported learning collaborative to develop, test, and disseminate an integrated change package of six promising, evidence-based clinical and community-based strategies to prevent and treat obesity for children and families.