Togo Yamaguchi

Inclusion phenomena of phosphate and ammonium ions in spherically shaped ice

Inclusion phenomena of phosphate and ammonium ions in ice crystals and the behaviour of both ions during melting of the ice crystals were experimentally investigated. The experiments were performed by forming spherically shaped ice from a solution containing phosphate and ammonium ions. Then, the ice was melted to determine the concentrations of phosphate and ammonium ions. The maximum concentration of phosphate and ammonium was observed around the center of the ice spheres. During melting, the concentrations of both ions in the initially effluent solution were higher than those in the later-effusing solution. When the ice spheres were introduced into a solution containing both ions, there appeared a change in the maximum adsorption amount, which was followed by a rapid decrease approaching an equilibrium value.

Statistical Analysis of Mean Apparent Diameter of Carbon Black Aggregates

A newly developed electric furnace was used to pyrolyze benzene, methane, or acetylene diluted by a nonreactive gas, and the carbon aggregates were separated from the hydrogen-rich gases. The temperature was changed up to 2200 K for various levels of initial concentration of hydrocarbon and residence time, and how the experimental parameters affected the mean diameter of carbon aggregates was examined. The temperature increase in experiments led to reduction of the mean diameter of the carbon aggregates, whereas increase in the initial concentration of hydrocarbon or the residence time resulted in slightly lifting it. The mean diameter removed of temperature effects correlated well with the initial carbon atom mol concentration of hydrocarbon, N C , and this parameter was used to develop the experimental equations. This article presents three kinds of experimental equations, and the prediction accuracy was confirmed to be improved when accounting for increasing the experimental parameters.