Tomasz Girek

Metallocyclodextrins and related species

In first part of the review cyclodextrin (CD) complexes with copper and platinum ions are presented, followed by those with lanthanide ions. Then CD complexes of ferrocenes and of ruthenium ions bound with bipyridine and phenanthroline ligands are described. The next parts of the paper deal with CD complexes with metal ions bound in cyclens or porphyrins. At last some examples of CD-modified nanoparticles are given.

Cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes

Selected examples of cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes are described in the aspect of their syntheses and possible applications, especially in the design of molecular devices and sensors.

Cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes

In the paper cyclodextrin-based (CD) polyrotaxanes are presented in the aspect of their syntheses and properties allowing various applications. The text consists of four parts, which describe CD-based polyrotaxanes with threads containing poly(ethylene oxide), poly (4,4′-diphenylenevinylene), polyfluorene and other chains. Conclusion shows new trends connected with this theme.

β-Cyclodextrin/protein conjugates as a innovative drug systems: synthesis and MS investigation

The design of proteins whose structure and function can be manipulated by binding with specific ligands such as cyclodextrins, has been of great interest in the field of protein engineering and also could be used as drug delivery systems in targeted cancer therapy (Loftsson and Duchêne, Int. J. Pharm. 329:1–11, 1; Loftsson et al., Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv. 2:335–351, 2). CD/proteins conjugates are synthesized using original high temperature method in which mono-6-O-formyl-β-CD reacts with two proteins: basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and lysozyme. The proposed synthesis method has a high reproducibility which makes it useful for pharmaceutical purposes. That method allows to obtain the conjugate without losing protein’s biological and enzymatic activity which will used in the reaction, and without violating the chemical structure of cyclodextrin molecules.

Porphyrins bearing quaternary azaaromatic moieties

In this review, porphyrins bearing quaternary azaaromatic moieties are described as follows: firstly those with useful physicochemical properties, then, species showing biological activities and finally, porphyrins bound with fullerenes and with cyclodextrins.

Synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-lysozyme conjugates and their physicochemical and biochemical properties

Recently a great interest in the field of protein engineering and the design of innovative drug delivery systems employing specific ligands such as cyclodextrins is observed. The paper reports the solid state, thermal method for protein coupling with β-cyclodextrin and the physicochemical and biological properties of the obtained conjugates. The structure of the obtained conjugates was investigated via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism analysis. The presented conjugates were biologically active and covalently bound β-cyclodextrin preserved the ability to form inclusion complexes with the model compound. This report demonstrates the great potential of cyclodextrin as a modifying unit that can be used to modulate the properties of therapeutic proteins, additionally giving such conjugates the possibility to transport many therapeutic substances in the form of inclusion complexes. In addition, the paper presents the potential of protein-cyclodextrin conjugates to construct innovative bioactive molecules for biological and medical applications.

Carbon nanotubes functionalized by salts containing stereogenic heteroatoms as electrodes in their battery cells

Abstract This paper concentrates on electrochemical properties of groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with substituents containing a stereogenic heteroatom bonded covalently to the surface of the carbon nanotube. This system was tested in Swagelok-type cells. The cells comprised a system (functionalized CNT with salts containing S and P atoms) with a working electrode, microfiber separators soaked with electrolyte solution, and a lithium foil counter/reference (commercial LiCoO2) electrode. The electrolyte solution was 1 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate. Using standard techniques (cyclic voltammetry/chronopotentiometry), galvanostatic cycling was performed on the cells at room temperature with a CH Instruments Model 600E potentiostat/galvanostat electrochemical measurements. Methods of functionalization CNT were compared in terms of the electrochemical properties of the studied systems. In all systems, the process of charge/discharge was observed.

1-(N,N-Diethyl­amino)-2,3-diphenyl­cyclo­propenylium tetra­fluoro­borate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H20N+·BF4−, consists of an aminoxaddiphenylxadcycloxadpropenylium cation and a tetraxadfluoroxadborate anion. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds.