Tomohide Yasunaga

THE PLANT BUG TRIBE ORTHOTYLINI IN JAPAN (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: ORTHOTYLINAE)*

group including numerous described genera and species throughout the world, the Japanese fauna has been hitherto represented only by 17 species in 8 genera. Because the Japan Archipelago lies from 46°N to 24°N and contains cold temperate zone to subtropical islands, the Japanese fauna of the tribe is in great need of investigation. My continuing studies of the Japanese Orthotylini have recognized a total of 33 species in 11 genera. Of these, 13 species were found to be undescribed, and 3 have not been previously recorded from Japan. In addition, 2 undescribed species were confirmed to be not accommodated by any known genera, and an undescribed species belonging to the genus Orthotylus also could not be placed in any known subgenera of the genus. This paper is the first monographic revision documenting the Japanese fauna of the Orthotylini comprehensively, with descriptions of two new genera, a new subgenus of Orthotylus, and 13 new species. Three species are also recorded from Japan for the first time. All known taxa are diagnosed and/or redescribed. The female of Mecomma japonica Miyamoto is described. Brief notes on plant association, habit and/or habitat are given for 26 species. A key is provided to distinguish the Japanese genera, subgenera and species of the tribe Orthotylini.

The Mirid Subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), Or Fungal Inhabiting Plant Bugs in Japan

within the Miridae. The majority of the species in this group are known to be associated with fungi. The faunae of the subfamily have been poorly documented, due to the specialized habit and habitat, and in part to the remarkable speed and agility of both immature and mature forms, which makes their capture by hand challenging (Wheeler 1994). Only 14 species have been known to occur in the Palearctic Region (Kerzhner & Josifov 1999), and the Japanese fauna has been represented by Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter) and Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz of the tribe Fulviini (Carvalho 1956, Yasunaga et al. 1999). Continuing efforts by the author and colleagues to clarify the Japanese cylapine fauna have resulted in the recognition of 16 species in six genera. Of these, eleven species were found to be undescribed, and three other species were not previously recorded from Japan. In addition, three unique undescribed species could not be accommodated by any known genus. This paper documents the Japanese cylapine fauna comprehensively, with descriptions of eleven new species. A new genus related to Punctifulvius Schmitz, Yamatofulvius, is diagnosed and described with a discussion on its phylogeny. Fulvius dimidiatus Poppius, F. tagalicus Poppius and Peritropis advena Kerzhner are recorded from Japan for the first time. All species are diagnosed, and the biology is briefly documented for most species. A key is provided to distinguish the Japanese tribes, genera and species. The zoogeography of the Japanese Cylapinae is discussed. The female genitalia of the Cylapinae had not been documented sufficiently in previous works, probably due to the fragile, widely membranous and hardly visible structure. Therefore, in this paper, illustrations and descriptions of the female genitalia are provided for eight species that were represented by sufficient material for dissection.

New Genera, Species, Synonymies, and Combinations in the “Lygus Complex” from Japan, with Discussion on Peltidolygus Poppius and Warrisia Carvalho (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)

Abstract Three new genera, Pinalitopsis, Nepiolygus, and Apolygopsis, are proposed to accommodate the following new species of Japanese mirine plant bugs: P. rhodopotnia from the Kii Peninsula and Shikoku, and N. arare and A. furvocarinatus from the Ryukyu Islands. A new species of the genus Pachylygus Yasunaga, 1994, P. anthrax, is also described from Shikoku. Several new synonymies are proposed: Peltidolygus Poppius, 1915 = Zhengiella Yasunaga and Lu, 1994; Warrisia Carvalho, 1986 = Gotocapsus Yasunaga and Nakatani, 1998; and Warrisia huonensis (Poppius, 1914) = Lygus tonkinensis Poppius, 1914. The following new combinations are established: Peltidolygus scutellatus (Yasunaga and Lu, 1994), Warrisia deraeocoroides (Yasunaga and Nakatani, 1998), Apolygopsis elegans (Zheng and Wang, 1983), A. emeia (Zheng and Wang, 1983), A. mosaicus (Zheng and Wang, 1983), A. nigritulus (Linnavuori, 1961), A. picturatus (Zheng and Wang, 1983), and A. yunnananus (Zheng and Wang, 1983). Two subgenera of Lygocoris Reuter, 1875, Lygocorias Yasunaga, 1992 new status and Neolygus Knight, 1917 new status, are raised to genera. The relationships between Peltidolygus and Henrylygus Schwartz, 1998, and among Gianellia Poppius, 1914, Krausmiris Carvalho, 1986, Liistonotus Reuter, 1906, and Warrisia, are discussed. Keys are provided to distinguish Japanese genera of the ”Lygus complex” and species of Peltidolygus and Warrisia.

Morphologically Novel Members of the Ant-Mimetic Plant Bug Genus Pilophorus Hahn Found in Thailand, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini)

ABSTRACT Morphologically novel species of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn from Thailand are reviewed, with photographic images of live individuals. Three species, Pilophorus barbiger, P. giraffoides, and P. portentosus, are described as new, in addition to two known Thai species, P. maculatus (Schuh) and P. pleiku (Schuh), which are also diagnosed. The female of P. pleiku is reported for the first time. The biology and immature forms are documented for P. pleiku and P. barbiger, which were observed to be associated with ants on the rubiaceous broadleaf, Gardenia sootepensis Hutch. The systematic position of such morphologically novel species is discussed. Pilophorus palawanus (Schuh) is newly recorded from Singapore.

New or Little Known Deraeocorine Plant Bugs from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae)

with approximately 140 species worldwide (Kerzhner & Josifov 1999, Schuh 1995). The members of this subfamily have, without exception, paired ocelli between the compound eyes, which easily distinguishes them from other mirid subfamilies. Isometopines are primarily not host plant specific, and most appear to be predators, inhabiting trunks, bark or branches of broadleaved trees. The Japanese isometopine fauna has been represented by six species in three genera (Hasegawa 1946, Miyamoto 1965, Miyamoto et al. 1996). Continuing efforts of the authors and colleagues have resulted in the recognition of three undescribed species. In addition, a recently described species, Isometopidea gryllocephala Miyamoto, Yasunaga & M. Hayashi, was found to be incorrectly placed in Isometopidea, based on comparison with the holotype of its type species, I. lieweni Poppius. In this paper, a new species of Paloniella Poppius and two of Myiomma Puton are described from Japan. A new genus, Astroscopometopus, is proposed to correctly accommodate Isometopidea gryllocephala, and the recently discovered male adult and final instar nymph are also described for the first time. A checklist of the Japanese Isometopinae is provided, with distributional record for each species. Isometopus mahal (Distant) is reported from Japan for the first time. All measurements are given in millimeters. The material examined in this study, including types, is deposited in the Biological Laboratory, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Japan.

Revision of the mirine genus Castanopsides Yasunaga from the eastern Asia (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Nine species of the mirine plant bug genus Castanopsides Yasunaga from eastern Asia are revised. The majority of Castanopsides species appear to be oak-inhabitants. Four new species arc diagnosed and described: Castanopcides takaii sp. n. from Japan and Taiwan, and C. gotohi sp. n., C. montanus sp. n. and C. taiwanus sp. n. from Taiwan. New combinations of four species previously placed in Arbolygus Kerzhner are proposed: Castanopsides potanini (Reuter) comb. n., C. dasypterus (Reuter) comb. n., C. kerzhneri (Kerzhner) comb. n. and C. falkovitshi (Kerzhner) comb. n. All previously described taxa are diagnosed and redescribed, and a key is provided to distinguish the species. The zoogeography and phylogeny of the Castanopsides species are discussed.

Taxonomic review of the plant bug genus Campylomma Reuter from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Nasocorini), with descriptions of two new species.

The nasocorine plant bug genus Campylomma Reuter from Japan and neighboring regions is reviewed. Twelve species are currently recognized. Several species, which have pale basic coloration, are rediagnosed, with emphasis on the male and female genitalia as significant taxonomic characters. Two new species, C. fukagawai and C. tanakakiana , are described and figured, and C. marjorae Schuh is reported from Japan for the first time and diagnosed. The females of three taxonomically confused species, C. eurycephala Yasunaga, C. livida Reuter and C. lividicornis Reuter, are documented in detail and figured for the first time. Female specimens of the most frequently encountered congeners, C. lividicornis Reuter and C. livida Reuter, can now be unequivocally identified. Confidently associated final-instar immatures are figured for C. aterrima Yasunaga and C. livida Reuter. Confirmed host plant associations are reported for most treated species. Campylomma chinensis [= chinense ] Schuh is proposed as a junior synonym of C. livida Reuter, and C. chichijima Carvalho is regarded as nomen dubium. A checklist and a key to species are provided, which are applicable to the faunas of Japan, and of Korea, NE China the Russian Far East and Taiwan as well.

Review of the mirine plant bug genus Phytocoris Fallén in Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae), with descriptions of eight new species

The mirine plant bug genus Phytocoris Fallen of Japan is reviewed; twelve species are recognized. Eight new species are proposed, diagnosed, and described: P. amateras, P. hasegawai, P. izanagii, P. izanamiae, P. kerzhnerianus, P. minakatai, P. miyamotoi , and P. protobothrops . Four known species are diagnosed, and two poorly recognized species, P. ohataensis Linnavuori and P. pallidicollis Kerzhner, are also redescribed. Phytocoris scotinus Kerzhner is proposed as a junior synonym of P. ohataensis . The male and female genitalic structures are figured and the biological information is documented for most treated species. A checklist and a key are provided to aid in the identifications of all Japanese species.

Review of the mirine plant bug genus Pachylygus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae), with description of a new species from Japan

The little-known plant bug genus Pachylygus Yasunaga, 1994, now considered nearly endemic to Japan proper and to include five monophagous species, is reviewed, diagnosed, and discussed. A new species, P. luteonotatus , is described on the basis of specimens recently collected from Nikko, central Honshu. All known congeners are diagnosed and an identification key to them is included. A checklist, with known distributions, is also provided. The Asian genus Peltidolygus Poppius, 1915 isxa0proposed as the most closely related sister taxon of Pachylygus .

A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis

ABSTRACT A new genus and new species of the plant bug, Chimairacoris lakshmiae Yasunaga, Schuh, and Cassis are described from Bangalore, India. This morphologically and ecologically specialized mirid belongs to the subfamily Phylinae on the basis of genitalic structures and is currently considered best placed in the subtribe Oncotylina of the tribe Phylini. Its morphological convergence with termatophyline mirids and placement within the Phylinae are discussed. It is associated with psyllid leaf galls on Indian banyan, Ficus benghalensis. The gall-producing psyllid, Trioza sp., and a mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus, are confirmed as prey of this unique mirid. A similar phenomenon observed in some Montandoniola spp. (Anthocoridae) and Fingulus species (Miridae: Deraeocorinae), which are associated with thrips species of the genus Gynaikothrips (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera) on Ficus microcarpa, is also documented.