Tomokazu Kozakai

Development of new FIB technology for EUVL mask repair

The next generation EUVL masks beyond hp15nm are difficult to repair for the current repair technologies including focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam (EB) in view of the minimum repairable size. We developed a new FIB technology to repair EUVL masks. Conventional FIB use gallium ions (Ga+) generated by a liquid metal ion source (LMIS), but the new FIB uses hydrogen ions (H2+) generated by a gas field ion source (GFIS). The minimum reaction area of H2+ FIB is theoretically much smaller than that of EB. We investigated the repair performance of H2+ FIB. In the concrete, we evaluated image resolution, scan damage, etching rate, material selectivity of etching and actinic image of repaired area. The most important result is that there was no difference between the repaired area and the non-repaired one on actinic images. That result suggests that the H2+ GFIS technology is a promising candidate for the solution to repair the next generation EUVL masks beyond hp15nm.

Photomask repair technology by using gas field ion source

Recently, most of defects on high-end masks are repaired with electron beam (EB). The minimum repairable dimension of the current state-of-the-art repair systems is about 20-30 nm, but that dimension is not small enough to repair the next generation masks. Meanwhile, new molybdenum silicide (MoSi) films with high cleaning durability are going to be provided for an alternative technology, but the etching selectivity between new MoSi and quartz under EB repair process is not high enough to control etching depth. We developed the focused ion beam (FIB) technology that uses light ions emitted from a gas field ion source (GFIS). In this study, the performance of our developed GFIS mask repair system was investigated by using new MoSi (HOYA-A6L2). Specifically, the minimum repairable dimension, image resolution, imaging damage, etching material selectivity and through-focus behavior on AIMS were evaluated. The minimum repairable dimension was only 11 nm that is nearly half of that with EB. That result suggests that GFIS technology is a promising candidate for repairing the next generation masks. Meanwhile, the etching selectivity between A6L2 and quartz was 6:1. Additionally, the other evaluations on AIMS showed good results. Those results demonstrate that GFIS technology is a reliable solution of repairing new MoSi masks with high cleaning durability.

Application of vector scanning in focused ion beam photomask repair system

With continuous reduction in linewidth of the VLSI devices, the pattern integrity of photomasks becomes considerably more important than ever. Consequently, requirement for the defect repair technology on photomasks is more severe and strict. Focused ion beam (FIB) technology has been widely used for defect repairing in photomask industry. Therefore, the performance of the FIB mask repair tool has to be improved especially in repair accuracy and precision. The FIB repair processes are classified into two kinds; one is additive repair using FIB induced deposition for missing patterns, the other is subtractive repair using gas assisted FIB etching for extra patterns. In both processes, precursor gas is applied onto the processing area through a small nozzle. Thus, the repair processes are controlled by the FIB irradiation and the precursor gas supply. Important characteristics of the repairs, such as size, shape, and placement of the repair area, are defined by the FIB scanning control. As conventional FIB ...

Damage analysis of EUV mask under Ga focused ion beam irradiation

EUV mask damage caused by Ga focused ion beam irradiation during the mask defect repair was studied. The concentration of Ga atom implanted in the multilayer through the buffer layer was calculated by SRIM. The reflectivity of the multilayer was calculated from the Ga distribution below the capping layer surface. To validate the calculation, a multilayer sample was irradiated with Ga FIB, and then EUV reflectivity was measured. The measured reflectivity change was in good agreement with the calculated value. An aerial image of patterns with Ga implanted region was simulated. The impact of the estimated Ga absorption on the linewidth of 32 nm hp line pattern was found to be less than 1 nm.

Performance of GFIS mask repair system for various mask materials

We have developed a new focused ion beam (FIB) technology using a gas field ion source (GFIS) for mask repair. Meanwhile, since current high-end photomasks do not have high durability in exposure nor cleaning, some new photomask materials are proposed. In 2012, we reported that our GFIS system had repaired a representative new material “A6L2”. It is currently expected to extend the application range of GFIS technology for various new materials and various defect shapes. In this study, we repaired a single bridge, a triple bridge and a missing hole on a phase shift mask (PSM) of “A6L2”, and also repaired single bridges on a binary mask of molybdenum silicide (MoSi) material “W4G” and a PSM of high transmittance material “SDC1”. The etching selectivity between those new materials and quartz were over 4:1. There were no significant differences of pattern shapes on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images between repair and non-repair regions. All the critical dimensions (CD) at repair regions were less than +/-3% of those at normal ones on an aerial image metrology system (AIMS). Those results demonstrated that GFIS technology is a reliable solution of repairing new material photomasks that are candidates for 1X nm generation.

Ga implantation and interlayer mixing during FIB repair of EUV mask defects

EUV mask damage caused by Ga focused ion beam irradiation during the mask defect repair was studied. The concentration of Ga atom implanted in the multilayer through the buffer layer and distributions of recoil atoms were calculated by SRIM. The reflectivity of the multilayer was calculated from the Ga distribution below the capping layer surface. To validate the calculation, Ga focused ion beam was irradiated on the buffer layer. The EUV reflectivity was measured after the buffer layer etching process. The measured reflectivity change was considerably larger than the one predicted from the absorption of light by the implanted Ga. The large reflectivity loss was primarily due to the absorption of light by chromium silicide residue which was generated by the intermixing of the buffer and the capping layer. Both lowering of the acceleration voltage and using thicker buffer layer were found to be effective in reducing this intermixing. The reduction of the reflectivity loss by using thicker buffer layer was confirmed by our experiments. An aerial image of patterns with etching residue formed by the intermixing was simulated. When the thickness of the intermixed layer happened to be 8 nm and the size of the resulting residue was larger than 100 nm, then the impact of the estimated absorption by the residue on the linewidth of 32 nm hp line pattern became more than 5 %.

Image quality improvement in focused ion beam photomask repair system

Focused ion beam (FIB) technology has widely been adopted as a defect repair tool on photomasks for semiconductor manufacturing. In the FIB mask repair process, scanning ion image (FIB image) is used for the defect area recognition. Quality of the FIB images is one of the most important factors in order to improve the repair accuracy. Precise imaging of the small features on the photomasks, however, is a challenging subject due to the surface charge buildup induced by FIB scanning, even though simultaneous electron beam irradiation is used for the charge compensation. The authors have developed new method of the FIB scanning for better image quality. This method utilizes software accumulation of multiple images with different scan directions and results in higher peak-to-background ratio and higher contrast images with isolated mask patterns on the quartz substrate, compared to the images acquired from conventional single scanning. The images also show better uniformity and symmetry of the secondary elect...

Advanced photomask repair technology for 65nm lithography (4)

Yasutoshi Itou, Yoshiyuki Tanaka, Osamu Suga *Yasuhiko Sugiyama, *Ryoji Hagiwara, *Haruo Takahashi, *Osamu Takaoka, *Tomokazu Kozakai, *Osamu Matsuda, *Katsumi Suzuki, *Mamoru Okabe, *Syuichi Kikuchi, *Atsushi Uemoto, *Anto Yasaka, *Tatsuya Adachi, **Naoki Nishida Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies, Inc. 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan *SII NanoTechnorogy Inc. 36-1 Takenoshita, Oyama-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 410-1393, Japan **HOYA Co. 1375 Kawaguchi-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-8525, Japan

High-In-content InGaAs quantum point contacts fabricated using focused ion beam system equipped with N2 gas field ion source

Quantum point contacts (QPCs) in high-In-content InGaAs modulation-doped heterostructures fabricated using a focused ion beam (FIB) system equipped with a N2 gas field ion source (GFIS) are demonstrated. The minimum physical size of the fabricated QPCs in this study is ?30 nm, which is smaller than the typical physical size of QPCs (>50 nm) obtained by electron beam lithography and etching techniques. In addition, the fabricated QPCs are characterized electrically at low temperatures with magnetic fields. Since some of them show conductance quantization behaviors, the results indicate that the GFIS-FIB process is promising for quantum device fabrication.

FIB-CVD technology for EUV mask repair

In this paper, we will report on the cleaning process durability and light shielding capability of FIB- and EB-CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) films which, are applied to repair clear defects on EUV mask. We evaluated tungsten containing, and silicon containing precursors in addition to carbon based precursor. For the conventional photomasks, the carbon based precursor is applied for repairing the clear defects because the reconstructed patterns by the carbon based precursor have excellent printability. However, under the condition of EUV lithography, the optical property of carbon deposited film is quite different. From the stand point of beam, FIB-CVD films showed better cleaning process durability and light shielding capability than EB-CVD film did. These differences are attributed to chemical components of the CVD films, especially with the tungsten based FIB-CVD film that contains 44 atomic % of tungsten and 24 atomic % of gallium. The tungsten based FIB-CVD film showed no loss of film thickness after dry cleaning, and the calculation showed that 56nmt was sufficient for repairing clear defects on EUV mask with 51nmt of absorber layer. On the other hand, carbon based FIB-CVD film suffered considerable loss in the film thickness and needed more than 180nm.