Toni Jefferson Lopes

Adsorption of natural dyes on clay fixed on polymers

The main purpose of this work was to produce a pellet to minimize undesirable effects in fixed beds, such as colmatation, through clay fixation on the surface of polymeric particles. Preliminary experiments were carried out by heating the clay, namely Tonsil Terrana 580FF, in order to observe variations on its capacity to adsorb anthocyanins derived from red cabbage. Clays was fixed on five samples of high density polyethylene (HDPE) at 180°C -210°C for two hours. The morphological analyses of the resulting particles were accomplished through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experiments demonstrated an increase on clays adsorptive capacity of 15.65% at 120°C for 30 hours and 16.80% at 170°C for two hours. The SEM analysis showed that the clay particles adhered on the external surface of the pellets .These results show that it is possible to obtain polymeric pellets using HDPE coated with clay.

Planejamento experimental do processo de secagem da amora-preta (Rubus sp.) para a produção de farinha enriquecida com compostos bioativos

The blackberry drying process was studied using an experimental design with three factors, namely: sample weight (6 to 135 g), drying temperature (30 to 80 °C) and time (16 to 24 h). All samples were grounded and dried accordingly, in a convection oven with air circulation. Moisture and phenolic compounds concentration were chosen as response variables. Results showed small losses of bioactive compounds for the 80 g sample dried at 55 °C for 16 hours. Furthermore, the blackberry flour meets the Brazilian standards to moisture (maximum 15%) and can be classified as a product of high fiber content (24.33±2.88 g/100 g of flour). Bioactive compounds in the flour were quantified using spectrophotometric analysis: total phenolic of 344.94 mg GAE/100 g; total flavonoids of 182.82 Ce mg/100 g; total anthocyanins of 77.93 mg/100 g; monomeric anthocyanins of 82.41 CYD-3-G/100 g; total carotenoids of 0.322 mg/100 g and activity anti-DPPH EC50 21.2 μg/mL. These results show that blackberry flour is rich in bioactive compounds, adding nutritional value to foods and products made with this flour.

Avaliação da produção de biogás de dejetos de suínos utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta

This study evaluated the operational conditions that maximize the production of biogas from the use of digesters. Experimental tests were conducted using termination phase swine wastes, with total solids in collecting 70.6% w/v. The experiments evaluated according to the response surface methodology (RSM), the influence of five factors: temperature, initial concentration of organic matter and influence of inorganic nutrients addition (FeSO4×7H2O, NiSO4×6H2O and MnSO4×4H2O). Better results were obtained for the initial concentration biomass of 395 to 595 g.L-1 and temperatures from 33.5 to 44oC. Regarding the use of nutrients in the anaerobic digestion process, the results showed that there was significant reduction in hydraulic retention time and increased biogas productivity.

DEGRADATION STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN WASTE WATER OF GAS STATIONS USING FILAMENTOUS FUNGI (ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS)

Several compounds are synthesized and industrially produced, where in most cases, are hardly degraded or recycled in the way they are. A large portion of contamination process can be attributed to phenolic compounds found with different concentrations in wastewater from gas stations. In this study, we attempted to isolate and identify filamentous fungi capable of phenolic compounds degradation and evaluate, using experimental design techniques, the effects of temperature and pH on degradation yield of phenolic compounds. Aspergillus flavus fungi lineage was isolated in this study. Results showed that the fungi lineage was little affected by changes in pH and showed better performance at 25°C and pH 8, when 6.7 ppm of phenol was degraded.

Statistical analysis of the result of hypothetical accident scenarios with leakage of chlorine gas obtained by simulation using the software ALOHA

Accidents involving chemical industries may present a great risk to workers and the community, since they are exposed to direct contact with toxic products, may cause from mild poisoning to death. Behavior analysis of these compounds during a leak can help prevent possible accidents, through the development of emergency action plans. In this paper a study was conducted of chlorine gas behavior during an accidental leak, using the ALOHA r software version 5.4.4 for modeling atmospheric dispersion cloud during casting, which was statistically analyzed to obtain the most influential variables. Therefore, eight factors were considered, (A) Wind speed, (B) Relative humidity, (C) Temperature, (D) Tank dimensions, (E) Percentage of chemical agent in the tank, (F) Diameter of the pouring orifice, (G) Height of the orifice in the tank and (H) Climate conditions. Based on the statistical analysis it was observed that the variables E, F and G contributed to the increase in the volume of substance released and the increase in the substance range. Therefore, the results may assist in identifying possible risks and the implementation of emergency action plans, estimating the most critical scenarios for a possible accidental leak of toxic substances.

UTILIZAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE PLANEJAMENTO EXPERIMENTAL NA OBTENÇÃO DE CARVÃO DE PINHÃO (ARAUCÁRIA ANGUSTIFOLIA) PARA A ADSORÇÃO DE CORANTE DE AZUL DE METILENO

There are more than 100,000 dyes commercially available and more than 7×105 tons of this dyes are produced annually, with a sizable fraction being dumped directly in the aqueous effluents (KHANDEGAR; SAROHA, 2013), and the methylene blue is among these dyes. The present work aims at obtaining an alternative adsorbent material, produced from the sintering of the pine nuts shells (seeds shells of Araucaria angustifolia), evaluating the influence of different process parameters through the use of experimental planning techniques and the feasibility of its use as low cost adsorbent for removing two contaminants of water resources (methylene blue). This study showed the best performance at the temperature of 300oC, time of 15 minutes and mass of charcoal of 8.0g. It was obtained a yield of 8% of charcoal from the shells, and its application showed to be efficient, with adsorption of dye exceeding 80%. Keywords: Response Surface Methodology (RSM); methylene blue; adsorption; experimental design.

PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OFOPERATION FACTORS IN FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR OBTAINING CACHAÇA

Brazilian sugar cane spirit (cachaca) production is traditional among rural producers in Santo Antonio da Patrulha-RS-Brazil. In this work, in similar conditions used by the producers, the effect of different °Brix and nutrients concentration on sugar cane juice fermentation time and ethanol yield was tested. Sixteen experiments were executed, predicted in a statistical planning, in order to identify the effect of eight factors. The results indicate that the increase on manganese sulfate concentration and cornmeal amount, and also the zinc sulfate concentration increase in interaction effect with higher °Brix, cause increase in fermentation time. It was also observed that the ethanol yield was higher at lower °Brix and at higher triple superphosphate amount in interaction effect with higher °Brix. Ammonium sulfate and copper sulfate concentrations, and also rice bran amount had no significant influence on the process. The best parameters determined, at local conditions, to obtain the lowest fermentation time and higher ethanol yield are the following: 14°Brix, triple superphosphate 0.5 g/L, zinc sulfate 0.5 g/L, manganese sulfate 0.2 g/L, cornmeal 5 g/L. It is also indicated the maintenance of ammonium sulfate 0.5 g/L and rice bran 5 g/L.

Análise de Risco Aplicada a Instalações Industriais de Refrigeração que Utilizam Amônia

Os acidentes de gases toxicos como vazamentos de amonia podem expor os trabalhadores e a comunidade, provocando desde uma irritacao respiratoria ou ate a morte. A Analise Preliminar de Risco (APR) pode ser utilizada como metodo para avaliar e qualificar possiveis riscos de vazamentos nas instalacoes de refrigeracao. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de uma simulacao de analise de risco para um estudo de caso envolvendo instalacoes de refrigeracao de um frigorifico. O estudo de analise de risco, como metodologia de orgaos ambientais para manutencao ou obtencao de licenca de operacao ambiental de estabelecimentos que produzem ou utilizam substâncias toxicas, e um metodo valido para o conhecimento dos riscos e possiveis efeitos de vazamentos de gases com formacao de nuvens toxicas, como a amonia. O estudo de analise de risco teve como resultado a classificacao quanto ao risco, a APR e a Analise de vulnerabilidade com a modelagem de nuvens de gas realizada pelo software ALOHA, junto a utilizacao de cenarios de vazamentos desenvolvidos na APR. Os resultados possibilitaram respostas sobre a exposicao do risco de vazamento dos trabalhadores e a comunidade circunvizinha, alem do estudo de acoes preventivas e de mitigacao de acidentes com esse agente quimico.

OBTENÇÃO DE CARVÃO ADSORVENTE ORIUNDO DA CASCA DE PEQUI (CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE) E SUA APLICAÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL ATRAVÉS DO PROCESSO DE ADSORÇÃO

A casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e um residuo sem aplicacao tecnologica. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a influencia de diferentes parâmetros na obtencao do carvao adsorvente sem ativacao, da casca de pequi, e sua aplicacao na remocao do corante azul de metileno. Na elaboracao do carvao foi utilizada tecnicas de planejamento experimental avaliando-se a influencia das variaveis: massa inicial da casca e temperatura em relacao ao rendimento em massa do carvao e concentracao massica de corante no carvao. Apos, o carvao foi utilizado nos ensaios de cinetica de adsorcao e dessorcao do corante. Obteve-se uma faixa otima para producao do carvao de 375 a 400°C e 66,15 a 75g, em um tempo de 20 minutos, e foi escolhido o ponto de 400°C e 66,15g, possuindo rendimento de 7% e poder de adsorcao de 68%. Nos ensaios de cinetica o tempo de equilibrio foi de 90 min para todas as concentracoes de corante (10, 5, 3 e 1 ppm) e os ensaios de dessorcao resultaram em baixos percentuais de retirada do corante. Conclui-se que o carvao da casca de pequi e um adsorvente de baixo valor, mas sem aplicabilidade industrial pelo baixo rendimento e inviabilidade de recuperacao.

EFFECTS OF SOLVENT, BASE, AND TEMPERATURE IN THE OPTIMISATION OF A NEW CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR SONOGASHIRA CROSS-COUPLING USING NCP PINCER PALLADACYCLE

The optimisation of a new catalyst system using NCP pincer palladacycle 1 was investigated using the experimental design technique. NCP pincer palladacycle 1 was previously investigated in Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki cross-couplings and found to be a highly efficient catalyst precursor. In this study, the effects of the type of base (K3PO4 or DABCO), solvent (DMF or dioxane) and reaction temperature (130 or 150 oC) in the second step on the reactional yield in Sonogashira cross-coupling were assessed using the two-factor design. The results showed that temperature is statistically significant in relation to the reaction yield.