Adriano Cancelier

Effects of Solvent Diols on the Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 Particles and Their Use as Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalysts

A solvothermal method was used to prepare zinc ferrite spinel oxide (ZnFe2O4) using ethylene glycol and 1,4 butanediol as solvent diols, and the influence of diols on the physical properties of ZnFe2O4 particles was investigated. The produced particles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and the catalytic activity for the organic pollutant decomposition by heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction was investigated. Both solvents produced particles with cubic spinel structure. Microporous and mesoporous structures were obtained when ethylene glycol and 1,4 butanediol were used as diols, respectively. A higher pore volume and surface area, as well as a higher catalytic activity for the pollutant degradation were found when 1,4 butanediol was used as solvent.

Organic pollutants removal and recovery from animal wastewater by mesoporous struvite precipitation

Abstract Swine wastewater containing high concentration of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) was treated by struvite precipitation method. The pH showed to have strong influence on N and P removal, whereas the excess of ammonia in the reaction medium did not show influence. The precipitated crystals were identified and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface area (BET) revealing that there was the formation of a pure and crystalline phase mesostructured at pH 9.5 with an average crystal size in nanometric scale.

Modeling techniques and processes control application based on Neural Networks with on-line adjustment using Genetic Algorithms

In this work a strategy is presented for the temperature control of the polymerization reaction of styrene in suspension in batch. A three-layer feed forward Artificial Neural Network was trained in an off-line way starting from a removed group of patterns of the experimental system and applied in the recurrent form (RNN) to a Predictive Controller based on a Nonlinear Model (NMPC). This controller presented very superior results to the classic controller PID in the maintenance of the temperature. Still to improve the performance of the model used by NMPC (RNN) that can present differences in relation to the system due to the dead time involved in the control actions, nonlinear characteristic of the system and variable dynamics; an on-line adjustment methodology of the parameters of the exit layer of the Network is implemented, presenting superior results and treating the difficulties satisfactorily in the temperature control. All the presented results are obtained for a real system.

Avaliação da produção de biogás de dejetos de suínos utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta

This study evaluated the operational conditions that maximize the production of biogas from the use of digesters. Experimental tests were conducted using termination phase swine wastes, with total solids in collecting 70.6% w/v. The experiments evaluated according to the response surface methodology (RSM), the influence of five factors: temperature, initial concentration of organic matter and influence of inorganic nutrients addition (FeSO4×7H2O, NiSO4×6H2O and MnSO4×4H2O). Better results were obtained for the initial concentration biomass of 395 to 595 g.L-1 and temperatures from 33.5 to 44oC. Regarding the use of nutrients in the anaerobic digestion process, the results showed that there was significant reduction in hydraulic retention time and increased biogas productivity.

DEGRADATION STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN WASTE WATER OF GAS STATIONS USING FILAMENTOUS FUNGI (ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS)

Several compounds are synthesized and industrially produced, where in most cases, are hardly degraded or recycled in the way they are. A large portion of contamination process can be attributed to phenolic compounds found with different concentrations in wastewater from gas stations. In this study, we attempted to isolate and identify filamentous fungi capable of phenolic compounds degradation and evaluate, using experimental design techniques, the effects of temperature and pH on degradation yield of phenolic compounds. Aspergillus flavus fungi lineage was isolated in this study. Results showed that the fungi lineage was little affected by changes in pH and showed better performance at 25°C and pH 8, when 6.7 ppm of phenol was degraded.

Análise de Risco Aplicada a Instalações Industriais de Refrigeração que Utilizam Amônia

Os acidentes de gases toxicos como vazamentos de amonia podem expor os trabalhadores e a comunidade, provocando desde uma irritacao respiratoria ou ate a morte. A Analise Preliminar de Risco (APR) pode ser utilizada como metodo para avaliar e qualificar possiveis riscos de vazamentos nas instalacoes de refrigeracao. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de uma simulacao de analise de risco para um estudo de caso envolvendo instalacoes de refrigeracao de um frigorifico. O estudo de analise de risco, como metodologia de orgaos ambientais para manutencao ou obtencao de licenca de operacao ambiental de estabelecimentos que produzem ou utilizam substâncias toxicas, e um metodo valido para o conhecimento dos riscos e possiveis efeitos de vazamentos de gases com formacao de nuvens toxicas, como a amonia. O estudo de analise de risco teve como resultado a classificacao quanto ao risco, a APR e a Analise de vulnerabilidade com a modelagem de nuvens de gas realizada pelo software ALOHA, junto a utilizacao de cenarios de vazamentos desenvolvidos na APR. Os resultados possibilitaram respostas sobre a exposicao do risco de vazamento dos trabalhadores e a comunidade circunvizinha, alem do estudo de acoes preventivas e de mitigacao de acidentes com esse agente quimico.

OBTENÇÃO DE CARVÃO ADSORVENTE ORIUNDO DA CASCA DE PEQUI (CARYOCAR BRASILIENSE) E SUA APLICAÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL ATRAVÉS DO PROCESSO DE ADSORÇÃO

A casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e um residuo sem aplicacao tecnologica. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a influencia de diferentes parâmetros na obtencao do carvao adsorvente sem ativacao, da casca de pequi, e sua aplicacao na remocao do corante azul de metileno. Na elaboracao do carvao foi utilizada tecnicas de planejamento experimental avaliando-se a influencia das variaveis: massa inicial da casca e temperatura em relacao ao rendimento em massa do carvao e concentracao massica de corante no carvao. Apos, o carvao foi utilizado nos ensaios de cinetica de adsorcao e dessorcao do corante. Obteve-se uma faixa otima para producao do carvao de 375 a 400°C e 66,15 a 75g, em um tempo de 20 minutos, e foi escolhido o ponto de 400°C e 66,15g, possuindo rendimento de 7% e poder de adsorcao de 68%. Nos ensaios de cinetica o tempo de equilibrio foi de 90 min para todas as concentracoes de corante (10, 5, 3 e 1 ppm) e os ensaios de dessorcao resultaram em baixos percentuais de retirada do corante. Conclui-se que o carvao da casca de pequi e um adsorvente de baixo valor, mas sem aplicabilidade industrial pelo baixo rendimento e inviabilidade de recuperacao.

Influence of process parameters on obtaining a fermented/distilled drink from the fruit of Hovenia dulcis

Summary A study was carried out to evaluate the main process variables in the production of a fermented/distilled beverage from the pseudofruit of the Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis Thunberg). The influences of temperature, fermentation time and the addition of micronutrients (Mn +2 and K + ) on the alcoholic graduation, pH and ester contents of the samples were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the pH (average pH value of the “heart fraction” of 5.35) of the fermented/distilled beverage from the Japanese grape was not affected by the factors tested. The temperature and Mn +2 concentration were the most significant factors influencing the alcoholic graduation and ester content (2.81 ± 3.13 mg.100mL –1 ) of the “heart fraction” of the beverage produced. The Japanese grape was shown to be a viable alternative for the production of a fermented/distilled beverage or as the raw material to produce bioethanol for diverse applications (95-100 GL). Key words: Sugarcane spirits; Alcoholic graduation; Experimental design; Nutrients; Fermentation.