Tony Meireles Santos

Continuous and High-Intensity Interval Training: Which Promotes Higher Pleasure?

Objectives To compare the psychological responses to continuous (CT) and high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions. Methods Fifteen men attended one CT session and one HIT session. During the first visit, the maximum heart rate, VO2Peak and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were determined through a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The HIT stimulus intensity corresponded to 100% of VO2Peak, and the average intensity of both sessions was maintained at 15% below the RCP. The order of the sessions was randomized. Psychological and physiological variables were recorded before, during and after each session. Results There were no significant differences between the average percentages of VO2 during the two exercise sessions (HIT: 73.3% vs. CT: 71.8%; p = 0.779). Lower responses on the feeling scale (p≤0.01) and higher responses on the felt arousal scale (p≤0.001) and the rating of perceived exertion were obtained during the HIT session. Despite the more negative feeling scale responses observed during HIT and a greater feeling of fatigue (measured by Profile of Mood States) afterwards (p<0.01), the physical activity enjoyment scale was not significantly different between the two conditions (p = 0.779). Conclusion Despite the same average intensity for both conditions, similar psychological responses under HIT and CT conditions were not observed, suggesting that the higher dependence on anaerobic metabolism during HIT negatively influenced the feeling scale responses.

AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO PRESCRIBED AND SELF-SELECTED STRENGTH TRAINING INTENSITIES.

This study was an evaluation of the effects of self-selected intensity and three prescribed intensities of strength exercises on affective responses. 16 healthy active male participants (M age = 25.1 yr., SD = 5.5; M height = 168.0 cm, SD = 31.8; M weight = 84.4 kg, SD = 8.6) were randomly assigned to a control condition without exercise (Control); three prescribed exercise intensities at 40% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 60% 1RM, and 80% 1RM; and one self-selected intensity (Self-selected). Affective response was assessed by the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale. All prescribed intensities showed increased activation and only the session at 80% 1RM showed reduction valence compared to the Control condition. Thus, the affective response to strength training does not seem to be influenced by exercise intensity.

Kinetics of Hypotension during 50 Sessions of Resistance and Aerobic Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Resistance and aerobic training are recommended as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension. However, the number of sessions required until the hypotensive effect of the exercise has stabilized has not been clearly established. Objective To establish the adaptive kinetics of the blood pressure (BP) responses as a function of time and type of training in hypertensive patients. Methods We recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 63.4 ± 2.1 years, randomized into one group of resistance training (n = 32) and another of aerobic training (n = 32). Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and one repetition maximum (1RM) testing was performed. BP was measured before each training session with a digital BP arm monitor. The 50 training sessions were categorized into quintiles. To compare the effect of BP reduction with both training methods, we used two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for the BP values obtained before the interventions. The differences between the moments were established by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 6.9 mmHg and 5.3 mmHg, respectively, with resistance training and 16.5 mmHg and 11.6 mmHg, respectively, with aerobic training. The kinetics of the hypotensive response of the SBP showed significant reductions until the 20th session in both groups. Stabilization of the DBP occurred in the 20th session of resistance training and in the 10th session of aerobic training. Conclusion A total of 20 sessions of resistance or aerobic training are required to achieve the maximum benefits of BP reduction. The methods investigated yielded distinct adaptive kinetic patterns along the 50 sessions.

Validade preditiva da medida e estimativas do VO2máx no desempenho de Mountain Bikers

INTRODUCCION: considerando el racional para el uso de las ecuaciones predictivas en la estimativa del VO2maxen atletas de ciclismo, ningun estudio establecio su validez predictiva para el desempeno en el mountain bike cross-country (XCO).OBJETIVO: comparar diferentes estrategias de determinacion del VO2max, de forma directa o indirecta, para la prediccion del desempeno en una prueba real y otra simulada.METODOS: veinte atletas de XCO del sexo masculino (31,6 ± 6,8 anos; 68,1 ± 6,5 kg; 175,5 ± 5,7cm; 64,9 ± 4,4 mL. kg-1.min-1), fueron sometidos a tres sesiones experimentales. La primera visita consistio en la estratificacion de riesgo, evaluacion antropometrica y test progresivo maximo. En la segunda, fue realizada la prueba simulada y en la tercera fue realizada la competicion de XCO.RESULTADOS: la correlacion entre la prueba simulada y las ecuaciones predictivas del VO2max de forma absoluta alcanzaron relacion casi perfecta (r ≥ 0,9). Las correlaciones entre la competicion real y las estimativas de VO2maxrelativizada a la masa corporal alcanzaron resultados clasificados como muy grande (r = 0,7-0,89). Las asociaciones entre la medida directa del VO2max y la simulacion presentaron clasificacion pequena para valores relativos a masa corporal (r = 0,10, IC95% -0,35 a 0,51). Para el desempeno real, la clasificacion fue moderada (r = 0,48, IC95% 0,009 a 0,78).CONCLUSION: el presente estudio fue el primero en demostrar la validez predictiva de las estimativas del VO2max para el desempeno simulado y real de MTB. En complemento, confirmo la baja validez predictiva de la medida directa del VO2max para el mismo proposito.