Torsten Grothmann

A Five-Steps Methodology to Design Communication Formats That Can Contribute to Behavior Change: The Example of Communication for Health-Protective Behavior Among Elderly During Heat Waves

Communication measures can raise protective behavior regarding climate change, natural hazards, and other health risks. For being effective in such communication, we designed a five-steps methodology and applied it to health-protective behavior during heat extremes in Austria. The five steps are as follows: (1) target group selection, a multicriteria assessment (MCA) to identify the most important target group(s)—this led to the identification of mobile health care nurses as our primary target group; (2) target group analysis by interviews to identify drivers of and barriers to protective behavior—for the mobile health care nurses, the drivers were their climate change perceptions, control beliefs, perceptions of role models, and extent of thinking about heat and health, and the barriers were fatalism and work stress; (3) development of target group specific communication formats addressing the identified drivers and barriers—for the nurses, we designed a workshop format, animated videos, and two print formats; (4) pretest of formats in focus groups—these revealed our formats were effective in increasing heat risk awareness, competence, and protective behavior among the nurses; (5) improvement of formats based on pretest results—for example, we modified the workshop format to become a venue for mutual learning. These five steps can be applied to other projects where awareness, competence, or behavior shall be increased by means of communication.

Governance Recommendations for Adaptation in European Urban Regions: Results from Five Case Studies and a European Expert Survey

This paper develops governance recommendations for urban adaptation strategies based on case studies in urban regions of five European countries, a European expert survey on guiding principles for adaptation to climate change (including more than 250 experts from all EU countries) and literature on adaptation to climate change. The case studies show that adaptation to climate change is influenced by social factors such as education, skills, values, perceptions, interests, customs, stakeholder participation and the cooperative structures between different sectors, communities, regions and policy levels. Social factors should therefore be explicitly addressed in adaptation strategies; if not taken into account, they can become significant barriers to adaptation. To adequately address social factors, every adaptation strategy should include learning, cooperation and communication strategies, which are best formulated at the local level.