Toshio Nishiyama

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 is an extracellular processing enzyme of the laminin 5 gamma 2 chain

Epithelial cells maintained in culture medium containing low calcium proteolytically process laminin 5 (α3β3γ2) within the α3 and γ2 chains (1). Experiments were designed to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for the laminin 5 processing and the sites of proteolytic cleavage. To characterize the nature of laminin 5 processing, we determined the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteolytic fragments produced by the processing events. The results indicate that the first α3 chain cleavage (200-l65 kDa α3) occurs within subdomain G4 of the G domain. The second cleavage (l65-l45 kDa α3) occurs within the lIla domain, 11 residues N-terminal to the start of domain II. The γ chain is cleaved within the second epidermal growth factor-like repeat of domain Ill. The sequence cleaved within the γ2 chain matches the consensus sequence for the cleavage of type I, II, and III procollagens by bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), also known as type I procollagen C-proteinase (2). Recombinant BMP-1 cleaves γ2 in vitro,both within intact laminin 5 and at the predicted site of a recombinant γ2 short arm. α3 is also cleaved by BMP-1 in vitro, but the cleavage site is yet to be determined. These results show the laminin α3 and γ2 chains to be substrates for BMP-1 in vitro. We speculate that γ2 cleavage is required for formation of the laminin 5–6 complex and that this complex is directly involved in assembly of the interhemidesmosomal basement membrane. This further suggests that BMP-1 activity facilitates basement membrane assembly, but not hemidesmosome assembly, in the laminin 5-rich dermal-epidermal junction basement membrane in vivo.