Trimurtulu Golakoti

A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin®for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Introduction5-Loxin® is a novel Boswellia serrata extract enriched with 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. A 90-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin® in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.MethodsSeventy-five OA patients were included in the study. The patients received either 100 mg (n = 25) or 250 mg (n = 25) of 5-Loxin® daily or a placebo (n = 25) for 90 days. Each patient was evaluated for pain and physical functions by using the standard tools (visual analog scale, Lequesnes Functional Index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) at the baseline (day 0), and at days 7, 30, 60 and 90. Additionally, the cartilage degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-3 was also evaluated in synovial fluid from OA patients. Measurement of a battery of biochemical parameters in serum and haematological parameters, and urine analysis were performed to evaluate the safety of 5-Loxin® in OA patients.ResultsSeventy patients completed the study. At the end of the study, both doses of 5-Loxin® conferred clinically and statistically significant improvements in pain scores and physical function scores in OA patients. Interestingly, significant improvements in pain score and functional ability were recorded in the treatment group supplemented with 250 mg 5-Loxin® as early as 7 days after the start of treatment. Corroborating the improvements in pain scores in treatment groups, we also noted significant reduction in synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase-3. In comparison with placebo, the safety parameters were almost unchanged in the treatment groups.Conclusion5-Loxin® reduces pain and improves physical functioning significantly in OA patients; and it is safe for human consumption. 5-Loxin® may exert its beneficial effects by controlling inflammatory responses through reducing proinflammatory modulators, and it may improve joint health by reducing the enzymatic degradation of cartilage in OA patients.Trail Registration(Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN05212803.)

Four new Sesquiterpenoids from Sphaeranthus indicus

Abstract Isolation and characterisation of two new eudesmanolides, 5α-hydroperoxy-7α-hydroxy-isosphaerantholide (1) and (11α,13-dihydro-7α-hydroxyfrullanolide-13-yl)-adenine (2) from the flower heads of Sphaeranthus indicus are described. In addition, 5α-hydroxy-isosphaerantholide (3) and 11α,13-dihydro-eudesman-3,5,7-triene-6α-12-olide (4) are reported first time as a metabolite of S. indicus and as a natural product, respectively. The structures of these compounds were established from rigorous analysis of their high-resolution mass, IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR spectral data.

Synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of diaryl heptanones as potential 5LOX enzyme inhibitors

A new series of diaryl heptanones (12a-q) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by its 1H, 13C NMR and Mass spectral data. These analogs were evaluated for their anti-oxidant activity and potential to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. Compounds 12k and 12o showed potent in vitro 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 22.2, 21.5 μM, which are comparable to curcumin (24.4 μM). Further they also have shown significant antioxidant activity. Molecular docking studies clearly showed correlation between binding energy and potency of these compounds.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some undecanone derivatives

The total synthesis of Ardisinone E [15, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy phenyl)-11-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-undecan-1-one], a natural diarylundecanone, isolated from Ardisia arborescens, was accomplished along with 16 new diarylundecanone analogs (18a–p), by modified Wittig reaction. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1H, 13C and mass spectral data. Compound 15 showed potent cytotoxic activity with an ED50 of 4.19 µg/mL in brine shrimp lethality assay model. Compounds 18c, 18e, 18j, 18k, 18l, and 18m exhibited strong anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values of 18.75, 12.28, 18.35, 11.04, 12.05, and 11.32 µg/mL, respectively, in NBT free radical assay. Compounds 18e, 18k, and 18m also showed significant 5-lipoxyganase enzyme inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 12.8, 15.23, and 15.23 µg/mL, respectively.

Synthesis of new analogs of AKBA and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activities

A new series of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid analogs (5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 18a-d, 27a-c, 28a-d) were synthesized by modification of hydroxyl and acid functional moieties of boswellic acids. The structures of these analogs were confirmed by spectral data analysis (1H, 13C NMR and mass). Compounds 18b, 27a and 8 showed potent 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50: 19.53, 20.31 and 44.14μg/mL). The computational studies revealed that selectivity of AKBA is due to its fitment into the 5-LOX receptor, which is missing for the other enzymes like 12-LOX, COX-1 and COX-2. Our study found potentiating effects of 2-formyl and 3-keto substituents in reviving inactive AKBA analogues possessing essential COOH group at 4th position.

Efficient synthesis of lactonic and thionolactoniclignans and evaluation of their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities

A short and versatile synthesis of α,β-dibenzyl-γ-butyrolactones has been developed starting from inexpensive materials by applying Stobbe condensation and following the novel reductive cyclisation with sodiumborohydride. Natural products Suchilactone (5a), Kaerophyllin (5b), savinin (5d) and anhydropodorhizol (5f) were prepared in racemic form. New thionolactones (6a–6e) were prepared by treating these lignans with Lawesson’s reagent. For all the prepared compounds the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase inhibition) and cytotoxic (Brine shrimp lethality test) activities were tested. The compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e and 5f showed good 5-lipoxygenase inhibition activity. The thiono lignan 6d showed impressive cytotoxic activity.