Turgut Kiliç

Fatty acid compositions of seed oils of three turkish salvia species and biological activities

The fatty acid composition of seed extracts of Salvia bracteata, S. aethiopis, and S. candidissima ssp. candidissima were analyzed by GC/MS. The main compound of S. bracteata, S. aethiopis, and S. candidissima ssp. candissima was found to be 9,12-octadecenoic acid at 64.3%, 73.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. The seed extracts of S. bracteata showed activity against S. aureus E. coli, M. smegmatis, and C. albicans with MIC values of 1.1, 0.5, 1.1, and 1.1 mg/mL, respectively, while the seeds extract of S. aethiopis showed activity against the same microorganisms with MIC values of 2.2, 2.2, 1.1, and 1.1 mg/mL, respectively. However, the seed extract of S. candidissima ssp. candidissima showed activity only against M. smegmatis with a MIC value of 0.25 mg/mL.

Diterpenes from Sideritis trojana.

Six known ent-kaurene, a new ent-kaurane and a new pimarane diterpenes were isolated from Sideritis trojana. The structures of new compounds were determined as ent-7f-15g,16g-epoxykaurane (1), and ent-2f-hydroxy-8(14),15-pimaradiene (2) along with the known compounds siderol (3), sideridiol (4), 7-epicandicandiol (5), isocandol B (6), candol A acetate (7) ent-7f-acetoxykaur-15-ene (8) by IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRMS.

Isolation and Biological Activity of New and Known Diterpenoids From Sideritis stricta Boiss. & Heldr.

Nine known and one new ent-kaurene diterpenoid were isolated from the acetone extract of Sideritis stricta Boiss & Heldr. The new compound, identified as ent-1 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-acetyl-15 beta,16 beta-epoxykaurane (1) by IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectra, was isolated along with sideroxol (2), 7-acetyl sideroxol (3), 7-epicandicandiol (4), linearol (5), ent-7 alpha,15 beta,18-trihydroxy-kaur-16-ene (6), ent-7 alpha-acetyl,15,18-dihydroxy-kaur-16-ene (7), foliol (8), sideridiol (9) and siderol (10). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds and the whole crude acetone extract were evaluated against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumeonia and C. albicans.

Diterpenes from Sideritis argyrea.

The known ent-kaurene diterpenes 1-9 and a new ent-labdane, ent-6beta,8alpha-dihydroxylabda-13(16),14-diene (10), were isolated from the whole plant of Sideritis argyrea. Their structures were elucidated based on one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and HRMS.

Phytochemical Analysis of Some Sideritis Species of Turkey

Linearol, foliol, epicandicandiol, siderol and ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane have been investigated for antibacterial activity test. Highest activity of epicandicandiol has been determined against E-coli.

Effects of Some Lamiaceae Species Methanol Extracts on Potential Mycotoxin Producer Fungi

In this study, antifungal effects of some Lamiaceae species (Thymbra spicata L.Satureja hortensis L., Origanum onites L., O. vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Iestswaart, O. vulgare L. subsp vulgare, O. minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis, Sideritis vuralii H. Duman & Baser and S. caesarea H. Duman, Aytaç & Baser) commonly used by people, were investigated. To determine the antifungal effects, the aerial parts of plant methanol extracts were tested against four fungal species, Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger Raper, and Fennel, A. ochraceus K. Wilh., and Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg. Three plant species, O. vulgare subsp. hirtum, O. minutiflorum, and T. spicata, methanol extracts showed antifungicidal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 mg/ml against four potential mycotoxigenic fungi. The results were evaluated using statistical tests.

Fatty acid composition and chemotaxonomic evaluation of species of Stachys

The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of 23 Stachys taxa was analysed by GC/MS. The main compounds were found to be linoleic (27.1–64.3%), oleic (20.25–48.1%), palmitic (4.3–9.1%), stearic (trace to 5.2%) and 6-octadecynoic (2.2–34.1%) acids. The latter compound could be used as a chemotaxonomic marker of the genus Stachys. A cluster analysis was performed for comparison and characterisation of the seed oil from Stachys species.

Diterpenoids from Sideritis condensata. Evaluation of chemotaxonomy of Sideritis species and insecticidal activity

Several aromatic plants are used as herbal tea in Turkey, and one of the most commonly used plants for herbal tea is the genus Sideritis, which is widely grown, particularly in Aegean and Mediterranean areas, and represented by 46 species with high endemism (≅ 80%). Sideritis condensata Boiss. & Heldr. (Lamiaceae), known as Mountain Tea or Donkey Tea in Turkish, is widely distributed in the Western part of Anatolia [1]. In previous studies, essential oil compositions of the species of S. condensata from different localities were reported [2, 3], and recently antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts of the species have also been reported [4]. However, there is no study on the diterpenoid composition and other constituents of the species in the literature. We report herein a study of the diterpenoid constituents of Sideritis condensata and the insecticidal/acaricidal activity of the acetone extract and the pure compound linearol (1), which is a major diterpenoid in many species of Sideritis, against Bemicia tabaci, Lasioderma serricorne, Tetranychus urticae, Sitophilus granarius, Acanthoscelides obtectus, and Ephestia kuehniella. This is the first report on the diterpenoid constituents of S. condensata and insecticidal activity of the acetone extract of S.condensata and the kaurane diterpenoid linearol (1). From the Sideritis condensata extract, two kaurane, three iso-kaurane, and two epoxykaurane diterpenoids were isolated. They were identified as linearol (1), isolinearol (2), siderol (3), sideridiol (4), sideroxol (5), 7-acetylsideroxol, and candol B (7). Considering the chemotaxomic evaluation of Sideritis species, 46 species and 10 subspecies in Turkey and over 120 species in the Mediterranean area from the Caucasus to the Canary Islands have been reported [5]. The reported species from Turkey showed that their main constituents are kaurane diterpenoids. The species S. perfoliata and S. trojana were reported to have a single pimarane skeleton, and a labdane diterpene from S. argyrea was also reported. Eighty-one diterpenoids have been isolated from 16 species of Turkish Sideritis, including with this study, 77 of which have a kaurene skeleton with 31 distinct structures. The other four are labdane, pimarane, and beyerane. These results showed that 95% of species of Turkish Sideritis have diterpenoids with the kaurane skeleton [5–12]. However, species of Sideritis from the Western Mediterranean area and the Canary Islands contain diterpenoids with a greater diversity of structures such as ent-labdane [13], pimarane, and manoyl oxides [14–15] in addtition to kaurane diterpenoids. Six kaurane and seven labdane diterpenoids have been reported, isolated from Spanish S. chamaedryfolia [16]. Moreover, the presence of the new labdane and ten manoyl oxide diterpenoids in the ethanol extract of S. gomerae [13] from the Canary Islands was also reported. Additionally, Sideritis species, collected from Spain, have also incorporated bicyclic and tricyclic diterpenoids such as labdane, pimarane, and manoyl oxides besides kaurene diterpenoids. However, only diterpenes having labdane, pimarane, or manoyl oxide skeletons from S. perfoliata, S. trojana, and S. argyrea from Turkey have been reported [5, 9]. This could explain the effect of geographical location, climate, and soil conditions on the component diversity of Sideritis species. The results may indicate that kaurane diterpenoids could be used as a chemotaxonomic marker for the species of Turkish Sideritis. However, this looks difficult for the species from the Western Mediterranean area and the Canary Islands.

Fatty acid composition of seeds of some species of Nepeta L.

The fatty acid compositions of Nepeta viscida, N. cilicica, N. crinita, N. nuda ssp. glandulifera and N. aristata were analyzed by GC/MS. The main free fatty acids were found as linolenic acid (49.8–58.5%), linoleic acid (10.9–23.5%), oleic acid (11.5–19.2%), palmitic acid (5.2–6.8%) and stearic acid (2.0–3.7%) and, total fatty acid compositions of species were analyzed and results were found as 36.2–49.8%, 17.1–25.8%, 15.4–25.8%, 6.4–7.8%, and 2.7–4.1%, respectively.

Essential oil compositions of some species of Cyclotrichium and antimicrobial activities

tkilic@balikesir.edu.tr; turmetbal@yahoo.com; 2) Balikesir University, NEF, Deparment of Biology, 1100 Balikesir, Turkey; 3) Inonu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Deparment of Biology, Malatya, Turkey; 4) Ege University, EBILTEM, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; 5) TUBITAK, UME, Department of Chemistry, P. Box:54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 609-610, November-D ecember, 2007. Original article submitted September 19, 2006.