Tutik Wresdiyati

Remarkable increase of peroxisomes in the renal tubules cells of Japanese monkeys under fasting stress

Abstract As an extention of work on peroxisome proliferation in the kidney, fine structural alteration of epithelial cells of renal tubules of male and female Japanese monkeys under fasting stress was examined. A total of 6 monkeys (male 3, female 3) for control groups and 9 monkeys (male 4, female 5) for fasting groups were used for this experiment. Both the number and area of peroxisomes per unit cytoplasmic area (number/μm 2 and μm 2 /μm 2 ) in the epithelial cells of renal tubules significantly increased in fasting groups. It was more evident in the males than in females. The activity of catalase was localized on the matrix of peroxisomes. In fasting groups peroxisomes had two or more marginal plates. Proliferated peroxisomes were hexagonal or polygonal in shape. Microperoxisomes, which are not significant in the control groups, also increased under fasting stress.

Profil Imunohistokimia Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) pada Jaringan Hati Tikus dengan Kondisi Hiperkolesterolemia

This study was conducted to observe intracellular antioxidant cooper,zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in liver tissue of rats under hypercholesterolemic condition by using immunohistochemical technique. A total of twenty male Wistar rats were used for this study. Those rats were divided into two groups; (i) control group and (ii) hypercholesterolemic group, which were fed died containing 1% cholesterol for eight weeks. Rat livers were taken at the end of treatment, and processed by using paraffin embedding standard method. The tissues were stained immunohistochemically to Cu,Zn-SOD. Observation of Cu,Zn-SOD content in the tissue was performed qualitatively in the cytoplasm and quantitatively in the nucleus of hepatocytes based on colour intensity of enzyme reaction product. The profile of antioxidant-Cu,Zn-SOD decreased (P

Nitrite residue and malonaldehyde reduction in dendeng — Indonesian dried meat — influenced by spices, curing methods and precooking preparation

This research was conducted to reduce nitrite residue and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of dendeng through modifying the formulation of spices, curing technique and precooking preparation. The result showed that spiced fried dendeng was likely to contain high total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Wet cured dendeng combined with spices containing 2.0% coriander and 10.0% garlic and preparation by soaking before frying was effective to produce dendeng that had no detected nitrite residue and low MDA. In conclusion, the spice formulas used in this study could reduce nitrite residue and MDA level of dendeng, and the treatment prior to frying, by soaking the dendeng briefly in water, lowered MDA of non-spiced dendeng, but no effect of soaking was observed in spiced samples due to the very low MDA found in the samples.

Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut sebagai Sumber Serat Pangan untuk Menurunkan Kolesterol Darah Tikus

The cholesterol lowering effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) powder as a source of dietary fiber was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Four groups of five male Sprague Dawley hypercholesterolemic rats were fed a 0% cholesterol-0% seaweed powder (negative control); 1% cholesterol-5% seaweed powder; 1% cholesterol-10% seaweed powder; and 1% cholesterol-0% seaweed powder (positive control) for 35 days. Seaweed powder contained feed did not affect the growth of rats but significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and atherogenic index. The lowest serum cholesterol was found in the hypercholesterolemic rats fed with 1% cholesterol-10% seaweed powder. The values of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were 67.7, 33.0, and 47.3 mg/dl, respectively.

The tuber extract and flour of Dioscorea alata normalize the blood lipid profile of rabbits treated with high cholesterol diets

Abstrak Latar belakang:Organisasi Kesehatan se Dunia (WHO) merekomendasin konsumsi sayur dan buah paling sedikit 400 gr atau 5 (lima) porsi sayur dan buah sehari. Penelitian ini untuk menentukan alternatif jumlah dan jenis anjuran konsumsi sayur dan buah untuk usia 65 tahun atau lebih untuk kecukupan zat gizi vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, asam folat, dan serat. Metode:Penelitian menggunakan data konsumsi sayur dan buah dari data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2010. Analisis data menggunakan program analisis linier untuk memperoleh lima alternatif jumlah dan jenis sayur dan buah untuk usia lebih dari 65 tahun. Hasil:Subjek yang dapat dianalisis sebanyak 7087 orang. Lima jenis buah yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah pisang, jeruk, pepaya, apel dan semangka. Lima jenis sayur yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah sayur bayam, sayur kangkung, sayur daun singkong, sayur asam, dan sayur sop. Berdasarkan hasil analisis progam linier dan ngka Kecukupan Gizi tahun 2004 untuk vitamin A, vitamin C, asam folat, serat, dan potasium bagi usia lebih dari 65 tahun, maka jumlah anjuran konsumsi sayur dan buah adalah 300 gram sayuran dan 200-400 gram buah. Kesimpulan: Anjuran alternatif konsumsi sayur dan buah untuk usia lebih dari 65 tahun adalah 300 gram (3 mangkok) sayuran dan 200-400 gram (2-4 potong) buah. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:30-4) Kata kunci:anjuran konsumsi harian, sayur, buah, usia lajut Abstract Background: The WHO recommends the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables of at least 400 grams or 5 servings. This study was conducted to assess consumption of fruits and vegetables in 65 year-old and above Indonesians, and the adequacy of daily requirements of vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, folic acid, and fiber. Methods: The study used data from 2010 National Health Survey Indonesia. Using linier programming, 5 alternatives of combination of fruits and vegetables were presented for 65 year-old and above. Result: The number of subjects that could be analyzed was 7087 subjects. The study found the five most frequently consumed fruits were bananas, oranges, papayas, apples, and watermelons. Five most frequently consumed vegetables dishes were cooked spinach, water spinach (kangkung), cassava leaves, tamarind vegetable dish and vegetable soup. The alternative amount of fruits and vegetables consumption for 65 year-olds and above is 300 grams of cooked vegetables and 200-400 grams of fruits. Conclusion: Alternative fruits and cooked vegetables consumptions for 65 year-old and above Indonesians were 300 grams (3 bowls) grams of cooked vegetables and 200-300 grams (2-4 pieces) of fruits. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:30-4) Key words: daily consumption guide, fruits, vegetables, elderly

KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA TEPUNG TEMPE KECAMBAH KEDELAI

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze difference and compare the determinants of stunting among under five years children considering different ecosystem in Kupang. It is an observational study using case control of under five children with and without stunting. There were 132 subjects chosen from lowland, middleland region, and mountainous ecosystem zones. Data was analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. The analysis resumes that determinants of stunting in lowland area is energy intake (p=0.002; OR=0.059; 95%CI:0.010-0.359), energy intake is a protective factor, in the middleland region is love and cares (p=0.002; OR=9.247; 95%CI:2.213-38.644) and sanitation (p=0.046; OR=2.832; 95%CI:1.020-7.860). Furthermore, the environmental sanitation as the factor in mountainous area (p=0.034; OR=3.978; 95%CI:1.112-14.230). The impact of stunting if left untreated will cause problems for generation in the future, for example impairment of mental development and physical growth, and it will end in poverty and the threat of life survival, so it need a proper intervention to handle it. Keywords: determinants, ecosystem zone, stunting ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis gambaran dan membandingkan pengaruh variabel faktor penentu stunting anak balita pada berbagai zona ekosistem di Kabupaten Kupang. Jenis penelitian menggunakan desain observational dengan rancangan case control antara kelompok balita stunting dan normal. Jumlah subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 132 subjek yang terbagi pada tiga zona ekosistem dataran rendah, dataran sedang, dan pegunungan pada bulan Maret 2015. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Logistik Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor penentu stunting pada zona ekosistem di Kabupaten Kupang adalah sanitasi lingkungan (p=0,002; OR=2,307; 95%CI:0,120-0,721), dan kejadian sakit (p=0,007; OR=0,294; 95%CI:0,120-0,721); di zona ekosistem dataran rendah adalah asupan energi (p=0,002; OR=0,059; 95%CI:0,010-0,359) asupan energi sebagai faktor protektif; di zona dataran sedang adalah praktik kasih sayang (p=0,002; OR=9,247; 95%CI:2,213-38,644) dan sanitasi lingkungan (p=0,046; OR=2,832; 95%CI:1,020-7,860) dan di zona eksosistem pegunungan adalah sanitasi lingkungan (p=0,034; OR=3,978; 95%CI:1,112-14,230). Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari stunting jika tidak ditangani akan menimbulkan permasalahan bagi generasi di masa mendatang misalnya perkembangan mental dan pertumbuhan fisik terganggu, dan berakhir pada kemiskinan dan ancaman kelangsungan hidup sehingga memerlukan intervensi yang tepat dalam penanganannya. Kata kunci: faktor penentu, stunting, zona ekosistem

PENGARUH KEDELAI PRODUK REKAYASA GENETIK TERHADAP KADAR MALONALDEHID, AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE DAN PROFIL DARAH PADA TIKUS PERCOBAAN

ABSTRACT Tempe, a soybean fermentation, has a short shelf life. An effort to extend the shelf life of tempe has been done by making tempe flour. Difference of raw materials which were Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) and non- GMO was pressured to cause different impact on human health. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tempe flour that were made from GMO and non-GMO soybean upon malonaldehida (MDA) levels, intracellular antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver and kidneys of experimental rats, as well as hematological profile. Twenty five Sprague Dawley rats divided into four treatment grups and one control, feeded with tempe from GMO and non-GMO at 10% and 20% concentrations at the period of 90 days.The results showed that rats fed with 10% protein derived from non-GMO soybean flour had lower levels of MDA in the liver and kidney compared to GMO tempe flour group consisting rations of 10% and 20% protein but, not significantly different from the group protein of 20% non-GMO soybean flour and 10% protein of casein. While the value of liver and kidney SOD activity were not significantly different (p>0,05) between the groups of rats. The results showed that the values obtained were within normal limits. However, the amount of thrombocytes in each treatment had a value that exceeds normal limits. The activity of rat, rat’s metabolism, and amount of feed intake by rats might influenced the result. This experimental study lead to conclude that consuming GMO and non-GMO tempe flour is safe. Keywords: experimental rats, GMO tempe flour, non-GMO tempe flour, hematology, superoxide dismutase ABSTRAK Tempe merupakan produk fermentasi kedelai yang mempunyai masa simpan relatif pendek. Upaya untuk meningkatkan masa simpan diantaranya dengan dibuat tepung tempe. Perbedaan bahan baku dari kedelai pangan rekayasa genetik (PRG) dan non-PRG menimbulkan kehawatiran terhadap dampak kesehatan bagi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh tepung tempe dari kedelai PRG dan non-PRG terhadap kadar malonaldehida (MDA), aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD), di hati dan ginjal serta profil hematologi tikus percobaan. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus galur Sprague Dawley dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol (kasein) diberi ransum tempe PRG dan non-PRG dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 20% selama 90 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tikus yang diberi ransum tempe kedelai non-PRG 10 % memiliki kadar MDA lebih rendah di hati dan ginjal dibanding kelompok tikus yang diberi ransum tempe PRG 10% dan 20% persen, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan kelompok non-PRG 20 % dan kelompok kontrol. Sedangkan aktivitas SOD tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil analisis hematologi menunjukkan semua kelompok perlakuan memiliki nilai pada rentang normal. Semua kelompok perlakuan memiliki nilai kadar trombosit, di atas normal. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya: aktivitas fisik dan metabolisme serta jumlah ransum yang dikonsumsi. Analisis kadar MDA, aktivitas SOD dan profil hematologi mengungkapkan bahwa tepung tempe kedelai PRG dan non-PRG aman untuk dikonsumsi. [Penel Gizi Makan 2015, 38(1): 41-50] Kata kunci: tikus percobaan, tepung tempe PRG, tepung tempe non-PRG, hematologi, superoxide dismutase

Kemampuan Yogurt Sinbiotik Berbasis Probiotik Lokal dalam Mencegah Diare dan Meningkatkan Imunitas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati kemampuan yogurt sinbiotik yang mengandung probiotik lokal (Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4) sebagai antidiare pada tikus yang terinfeksi Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), dan untuk mendeteksi dampak terhadap karakteristik imunomodulator (jumlah sel limfosit, kadar malonaldehid/MDA hati, dan aktivitas antioksidan superoksida dismutase/SOD hati). Infeksi EPEC (10 7 cfu/ml/hari) yang dilakukan secara oral ke tikus selama tujuh hari berturut-turut secara nyata menyebabkan diare ringan tanpa penurunan berat badan. Pemberian secara oral yogurt sinbiotik yang mengandung 10 9 cfu bakteri asam laktat/ml/hari selama 21 hari secara nyata meningkatkan respons imun tikus, yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya sel limfosit di hari ke-14, penurunan MDA hati pada hari ke 14 dan 21, dan meningkatnya aktivitas SOD hati pada hari ke-14.

The Immunohistochemical Profile of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in the Liver Tissue of Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Both Lumbricus rubellus and Pseudomonas putida decompose soil organic matters. The population of P. putida Pf-20 increased if L. rubellus was introduced to the cucumber growth medium. The process of organic decomposition was much better if the medium was introduced with both L. rubellus and P. putida Pf-20, compared to the medium contained only either one of those organisms. The activity of L. rubellus may serve to provide nutrients for both the cucumber and P. putida. The role of P. putida to reduce disease severity was increased if L. rubellus was introduced to the growth medium. The synergism of these two organisms, reduced either the level of disease severity to CMV-48 and C/N ratio of medium, but increased the content of available phosphor and potassium. Key words: Lumbricus rubellus, Pseudomonas putida Pf-20, disease severity of CMV

The Utilization of Seaweed as a Source of Dietary Fiber to Decrease the Serum Cholesterol in Rats

Since the discovery of cryopreservation method for bull semen, cryopreservation become an alternative method for maintaining gamet resources of certain animal which is threatened or near extinction. This technology was then applied to the preservation of embryo, oocyte, ovary and testis. The application of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for which sperm motility is unnecessary had supported the effort to create simplified method such as freeze-drying for sperm preservation. Due to the benefit of ICSI over the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) the spermatozoon could be mechanically driven to pass through the zona pellucida and entering the cytoplasm of oocytes prior to fertilization. The freeze-drying method is an alternative method in sperm preservation which ignored the motility of sperm. The sperm resulted from this technique is in drying state, therefore, it might be stored in room temperature or in refrigerator. Many reports have claimed that freeze-dried sperm which is not motile but has an intact DNA was able to fertilize oocytes, even produced offspring in mouse.A screening for antiinflammatory effects was performed on several Indonesian Umbelliferae plants based on the contents of saponins and flavonoids. They were compared with Bupleurum falcatum L. as an introduced antiinflammatory plant. Roots and grains of each plant were collected, dried, and extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were then analyzed for their saponin and flavonoid contents by gravimetric and UV-vis spectrophotometric method. Antiinflammatory activity test was conducted on carragenin induced rat paw oedema. The results showed that the highest contents of saponin and flavonoid were found in the grains of Apium graveolens L. and showed antiinflammatory effect that was equivalent to that of the root of B. falcatum.