U. N. Riede

The Role of Matrix Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Tympanosclerosis

In a histological and electron microscopical study the authors investigated the pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis. Emphasis was placed on the role of extracellular lysosomes (= matrix lysosomes). The function of such matrix lysosomes is connected with the two-stage degradation of the connective tissue. This system gets out of control in tympanosclerosis. Inflammatory and immunological processes are suggested to be superimposed on this lysosomal action.

A Contribution to the pathogenesis of otosclerosis

ZusammenfassungIn einer histochemischen und ultrastrukturellen Untersuchung werden die pathologischen Bindegewebsveränderungen bei der Otosklerose analysiert. Die Erkrankung führt zu einer komplexen Schädigung aller Bindegewebskomponenten. Es finden sich morphologische Anhalte für einen Enzymdefekt, der dem initialen pathologischen Reiz aufgelagert sein kann. Die beobachtete chondrozytäre Chondrolyse unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Knorpelreste in der otischen Kapsel als pathogenetischen Faktor der Otosklerose.SummaryIn a histochemical and electron microscopical study the pathogenesis of Otosclerosis was investigated. The morphological changes in the extra- and intracellular space indicated a complex metabolic disturbance of all tissue components. The observed chondrocytic chondrolysis stressed the role of the cartilage remnants in the otic capsule as an etiological factor. There was morphological evidence of a superimposed enzymatic defect.

Virus Particles in the Cochlear Spiral Ganglion of Guinea Pigs

All examined spiral ganglions of several guinea pig populations from different breeds showed intracytoplasmic viruses in some granular spiral ganglion cells. According to their localization and morphology we classify these viruses with the oncorna group. This is not in agreement with the classification of other authors. Apparently there is a world-wide latent viral infection in guinea pigs. Beside the virus particles we found an accumulation of lysosomes which indicate a local increased lysosomal activity of the infected ganglion cells. Further influences on the infected cells can neither be demonstrated nor denied.

Eine ultrastrukturell-morphometrische Analyse des Ganglion spirale cochleae des Meerschweinchens

SummaryThis is the first morphometric analysis of the cochlear spiral ganglion. Therefore the ganglion was subdivided in precisely defined compartments. We found that the normal, untreated spiral ganglion in guinea pigs contains 58% ganglion cells of the granular type, 26% satellite cells and Schwann cells, 8.6% extracellular space, 6.4% myelinated nerve fibers and 1% ganglion cells of the filamentous type. The granular ganglion cell consists in 83% out of cytoplasm and in 17% out of nuclei. The cytoplasm is containing 13% ribosomes, 12% mitochondria, 10% RER, 2.1% Golgi apparatus, 1.3% lysosomes.Based on these quantitative datas we expect to detect alterations of the normal structure earlier and more precisely under pathophysiological conditions as before.This is the first morphometric analysis of the cochlear spiral ganglion. Therefore the ganglion was subdivided in precisely defined compartments. We found that the normal, untreated spiral ganglion in guinea pigs contains 58% ganglion cells of the granular type, 26% satellite cells and Schwann cells, 8.6% extracellular space, 6.4% myelinated nerve fibers and 1% ganglion cells of the filamentous type. The granular ganglion cell consists in 83% out of cytoplasm and in 17% out of nuclei. The cytoplasm is containing 13% ribosomes, 12% mitochondria, 10% RER, 2.1% Golgi apparatus, 1.3% lysosomes. Based on these quantitative datas we expect to detect alterations of the normal structure earlier and more precisely under pathophysiological conditions as before.

A contribution to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma

ZusammenfassungIn einer histochemischen und ultrastrukturellen Untersuchung wird die Pathogenese des Cholesteatoms analysiert. Charakteristikum des subepithelialen Gewebes ist die Ausbildung einer entzündlichen Reaktion mit anschließender Formation eines in den Knochen proliferierenden Granulationsgewebes. Der Knochenabbau wird durch osteozytäre Osteolyse eingeleitet. Dadurch kommt es bei der Erkrankung zu einem Zusammenwirken ossär lysosomaler und extraossär lysosomaler Enzyme. Die pathologischen Befunde im Bereich der Faserelemente deuten an, daß der Selbsterhaltungsprozeß der degenerativen Veränderungen durch eine Störung der Fibrillogenese verstärkt wird. Die kausale Genese des Cholesteatoms wird unter Berücksichtigung der gestörten Interaktion zwischen Zellaktivität, Extrazellularmatrix und Zelloberfläche diskutiert.SummaryIn a histochemical and ultrastructural study the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma ostitis is analysed on human tissue. In the subepithelial layer there is evidence of an inflammatory reaction leading to proliferation of granulation tissue with bony invasion. Bony destruction is initiated by osteocytic osteolysis. In the case of cholesteatoma there is a combined action of extraosseous and osseous lysosomal enzymes. The pathological changes of the fibrillar elements suggest that the self-perpetuation of degeneration is maintained by a disturbance of fibrillogenesis. The causal pathogenesis of cholesteatoma formation is discussed as a function of a disturbance between cellular activity, extracellular matrix, and cellular surface.

Der Einfluß von Flavichromin auf das orthodontisch stimulierte Parodontium

ZusammenfassungAn jugendlichen männlichen Probanden wurde der Wirkungsmechanismus von Flavichromin auf die formalpathogenetischen Abläufe im Ligamentum parodontale unter orthodontischer Behandlung untersucht. Die histomorphologische Studie bestätigt den antinekrotischen und antiphlogistischen Charakter der Substanz. Für den Kliniker zeichnet sich die Möglichkeit ab, die Ausbildung destruktiver fibröser Bindegewebsveränderungen und die folgende Granulationsgewebeinvasion unter artifizieller Zahnbewegung medikamentös gezielt zu beeinflussen, ohne die Zahnbewegungsrate zu unterbinden.SummaryIn young boys the authors examined the influence of flavichromin on the periodontal changes during orthodontic treatment. The histologic results prove the antinecrotic and antiphlogistic action of flavichromin. The study indicates the possibility of reducing destructive changes in the fibrous ligament and the invasion of a granulation tissue during orthodontic tooth movement. The chemotherapeutic treatment did not affect the osseous reactions along the alveolar wall. This raises the possibility that root resorption and long-term changes in the periodontal ligament may be minimized during orthodontic treatment by the use of chemotherapeutic drugs.RésuméDans une étude histologique chez des jeunes garçons, les auteurs ont examiné linfluence flavichromine sur les réactions du ligament alvéolo-dentaire lors des mouvements orthodontiques. Les résultats prouvent les effets antiinflammatoires et antinécrotiques de la substance appliquée. Cet examen a révélé la possibilité de limiter les altérations destructives à laide dun traitement médical.

Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen am Parodontalspalt

ZusammenfassungAn ersten Prämolaren des Oberkiefers wurden die palatinalen und bukkalen Seiten des jugendlichen menschlichen Parodonts histo-chemisch und ultrastrukturell analysiert. Besondere Betonung erfuhr die Untersuchung der elastischen und elastoiden Gewebskomponenten. Die ultrastrukturelle Darstellung elastischer Fasern im Bindegewebe des. Ligamentum parodontale beweist die Elastogenesefähigkeit dieses Gewebes beim Jugendlichen.SummaryThe periodontal ligament on the palatal and buccal aspects of the upper first premolars in young boys were analysed by means of histo-chemistry and electron microscopy. Special emphasis was placed on the study of the elastic and elastomeric components of the tissue. The identification of elastic fibres at the ultrastructural level indicates the capacity for elastogenesis in our specimens.ResuméLes auteurs ont examiné le ligament alvéolo-dentaire des premières prémolaires supérieures chez des jeunes garçons. Lhistochimie et lultrastructure microscopique du ligament ont été décrites particulièrement en ce qui concerne les éléments élastiques ou élastoformes. La découverte des fibres élastiques au microscope électronique prouve la capacité élastogène des tissus examinés.

Einfluß verschiedener Pufferlösungen auf die Strukturerhaltung des Ganglion spirale cochleae

SummaryThe influence of two fixation buffers on the quantitative cytoarchitecture of the cochlear spiral ganglion in guinea pigs was evaluated morphometrically. After fixation with phosphate buffered 1.3% OsO4 granular spiral ganglion cells lost 45% of their average individual volume as compared to the volume after fixation with s-collidine buffered 1.3% OsO4. Using the two fixatives there was no significant difference of the volume proportion of cell nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum per unit volume cytoplasm of the granular spiral ganglion cells. The volume proportion of their ribosomes and their Golgi apparatus per unit volume cytoplasm doubled, the surface of the Golgi apparatus per unit volume cytoplasm increased 3.5fold after fixation with phosphate buffered OsO4. The volume density of the granular ganglion cells decreased by 30%, the volume density of the interganglionar space (= space between granular ganglion cells) showed an increase of 50% using phosphate buffer. Mostly the extracellular space was participating in this relative increase of the interganglionar space.As a result fixation of the spiral ganglion for morphometric studies should be performed using s-collidine buffered OsO4. The morphometric findings underline the presumption of semicompact myelin being a fixation artefact.

Ultrastrukturell-morphometrische Veränderungen des Ganglion spirale cochleae bei der Ratte nach Beschallung

SummaryThe comparison of ultrastructural and ultrastructural-morphometric findings in spiral ganglion cells subsequent to broad band noise with 105 dB SPL over a period of 40 min demonstrates that there are morphometric changes of the cytoarchitecture of granular ganglion cells even without evident ultrastructural changes.Morphometric analyses shows a significant extention of the volume proportion of mitochondria per unit volume cytoplasm. The volume and the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the volume of the free ribosomes and the average single volume of the nucleoli increase per granular ganglion cell.The physiologic significance of these changes is discussed. The results show that changes of the cytoarchitecture of granular spiral ganglion cells are earlier detected by morphometry than by ultrastructural description.ZusammenfassungNach 40minütiger Beschallung des Ohres mit Breitbandrauschen von 105 dB SPL waren bei den Ratten elektronenoptisch noch keine sicheren Veränderungen an den Spiralganglienzellen festzustellen. Erst ultrastrukturell-morphometrisch ließen sich statistisch signifikante Veränderungen des Chondrioms und der Organellen des Leistungsstoffwechsels bei den granulären Spiralganglienzellen nachweisen.Der Volumenanteil der Mitochondrien im Einheitsvolumen Zytoplasma nahm zu. Auch das Volumen und die Oberfläche des RER sowie das Volumen der freien Ribosomen und der Nucleolen vergrößerten sich im Einheitsvolumen Zytoplasma bzw. pro Zelle.Die physiologische Bedeutung dieser Veränderungen wurde diskutiert. Die Resultate zeigen u. a., daß Veränderungen der Cytoarchitektur in den granulären Spiralganglienzellen morphometrisch früher als elektronenoptisch registriert werden können.

Oncorna-Like Virus Particles in the Cochlear Spiral Ganglion of Guinea Pigs

INTRODUCTIONnVirus particles in spiral ganglion cells of the guinea pig have been grouped with herpes viruses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this classification of the viruses and their influence on cell morphology.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSn20 healthy, adult guinea pigs from different breeds were studied. The spiral ganglion was serially sectioned and examined electron micoscopically.nnnRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONnAll examined spiral ganglions of several guinea pig populations from different breeds showed intracytoplasmic viruses in some granular spiral ganglion cells. According to their localization and morphology we classify these viruses with the oncorna virus group. This is not in agreement with the classification of other authors. Apparently there is a world-wide latent viral infection in guinea pigs. The accumulation of lysosomal-like vacuoles in vicinity to the viruses indicates an increased local lysosomal activity of the infected ganglion cells. Considering the otherwise normal ultrastructure of the infected cells an additional influence of these viruses on the intracellular metabolism can neither be demonstrated nor denied.