Uli Raich

Wire scanners in low energy accelerators

Abstract Fast wire scanners are today considered as part of standard instrumentation in high energy synchrotrons. The extension of their use to synchrotrons working at lower energies, where Coulomb scattering can be important and the transverse beam size is large, introduces new complications considering beam heating of the wire, composition of the secondary particle shower and geometrical consideration in the detection set-up. A major problem in treating these effects is that the creation of secondaries in a thin carbon wire by a energetic primary beam is difficult to describe in an analytical way. We here present new results from a full Monte Carlo simulation of this process yielding information on heat deposited in the wire, particle type and energy spectrum of secondaries and angular dependence as a function of primary beam energy. The results are used to derive limits for the use of wire scanners in low energy accelerators.

Experimental results of the laserwire emittance scanner for LINAC4 at CERN

Abstract Within the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU), the new LINAC4 is currently being commissioned to replace the existing LINAC2 proton source at CERN. After the expected completion at the end of 2016, the LINAC4 will accelerate H − ions to 160xa0MeV. To measure the transverse emittance of the H − beam, a method based on photo-detachment is proposed. This system will operate using a pulsed laser with light delivered via an optical fibre and subsequently focused onto the H − beam. The laser photons have sufficient energy to detach the outer electron and create H 0 /e − pairs. In a downstream dipole, the created H 0 particles are separated from the unstripped H − ions and their distribution is measured with a dedicated detector. By scanning the focused laser beam across the H − beam, the transverse emittance of the H − beam can be reconstructed. This paper will first discuss the concept, design and simulations of the laser emittance scanner and then present results from a prototype system used during the 12xa0MeV commissioning of the LINAC4.

Demonstration of a laserwire emittance scanner for hydrogen ion beams at CERN

A non-invasive, compact laserwire system has been developed to measure the transverse emittance of an H- beam and has been demonstrated at the new LINAC4 injector for the LHC at CERN. Light from a low power, pulsed laser source is conveyed via fibre to collide with the H- beam, a fraction of which is neutralized and then intercepted by a downstream diamond detector. Scanning the focused laser across the H- beam and measuring the distribution of the photo-neutralized particles enables the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. The vertical phase-space distribution of a 3 MeV beam during LINAC4 commissioning has been measured by the laserwire and verified with a conventional slit and grid method.

Commissioning the Beam Diagnostics Systems for the CERN Low Energy Ion Ring

Even though CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is mainly conceived to accelerate protons, a heavy ion physics program is also foreseen. In order to reach the luminosity required for LHC, the ion accelerator chain needed to be upgraded, and a central part is the new Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR).Its role is to transform a series of long, low‐intensity ion pulses from Linac‐3 into short, high‐density pulses which will be further accelerated in the PS and SPS rings before injection into LHC. To do so the injected pulses are stacked and phase‐space cooled using electron cooling before acceleration to the ejection energy of 72 MeV/u. This note describes the different types of instruments used in the LEIR ring and transfer lines and reports on the first results obtained with O4+ and Pb54+ beams.

Beam Instrumentation Performance during Commissioning of CERN's Linac-4 to 50 MeV and 100 MeV

Linac-4, a 160 MeV H linear accelerator is designed to replace the aging 50 MeV proton Linac-2. It will consist of an H source and 45 keV LEBT, an RFQ and 3 MeV MEBT with a chopper, 3 drift tube linac (DTL) tanks accelerating the beam to 12, 30 and 50 Mev, cavity coupled structures (CCDTL) accelerating it to 100 MeV and a pi mode structure (PIMS) bringing it to its design energy of 160 MeV. This paper reports on the commissioning of the DTL and CCDTL with 2 dedicated temporary measurement lines, the first one adapted to the 12 MeV beam while the second one is dedicated to characterize the 50 MeV and the 100 MeV beams. The beam diagnostic devices used in these lines are described as well as results obtained. 3 AND 12 MEV MEASUREMENT LINE The Linac-4 accelerator is being assembled in stages. At each stage the beam is fully characterized, and the measurement results are compared to beam optics simulations. While many diagnostic devices are permanently installed in the machine and will be used for routine operation, dedicated temporary measurement lines were designed to determine beam characteristics after the RFQ at 3 MeV and after the first DTL tank at 12 MeV. Figure 1: 3 and 12 MeV measurement line. The following devices were installed on the 3 and 12 MeV measurement line: • Slit/grid emittance meter [1] (yellow) • 2 Beam Current Transformers (BCTs) (orange) • 2 Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) (light blue) • Spectrometer (green) • Bunch shape monitor (violet) • Laser emittance meter [2] (red) with a diamond detector (blue) The BCTs were the first instruments to see the beam as it passed through the RFQ and the first DTL tank. They have calibration windings into which a precise current is injected after each beam pulse, providing an absolute calibration. BCTs were extensively used to optimize transmission. Transverse Emittance The slit/grid device directly measured the transverse phasespace with the results compared to simulation. Similar measurements were made with the laser emittance meter, where the laser acts as the slit, neutralizing a small part of the H beam [3]. While the remaining H beam was deflected into the spectrometer line, the angular distribution of the neutralized Hs were detected with a diamond detector. Good agreement was found between both measurement techniques, providing important input for understanding the initial phase space distribution of the beam. 50 AND 100 MEV MEASUREMENT LINE Due to the energy-deposition in the slit, the slit/grid device could not be used at energies higher than 12 MeV. Equally the spectrometer could not handle higher energies because of the limited field in the spectrometer magnet. Figure 2: Phase space measured with slit/grid and laser emittance meter at 12 MeV. Proceedings of IPAC2016, Busan, Korea MOPMR026 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects T03 Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation ISBN 978-3-95450-147-2 293 C op yr ig ht

Beam modelling with a window-oriented user interface

Abstract In the near future, graphic workstations will be used as replacements for the present operator consoles in the CERN PS accelerator complex. This implies a major change in the style of work for the operators and in the way programs have to be conceived by the programmers. ULTRIX-based (ULTRIX is Digitals version of UNIX) VAX workstations have been selected and DEC-Windows will be used to construct the user interfaces. As first prototype application, TRACE3D, a beam-transport simulation program, has been adapted to the new environment. This program was an ideal candidate for tests because it needs a great deal of user interaction, while process access is not necessary, at least in a first implementation. This paper describes the different ways in which users interact in order to calculate the beam envelopes, to plot the results, to print out the beam or transport-line parameters, to modify the parameters and to get help.