Umit C. Yildiz

Some lignocellulosic wastes used as raw material in cultivation of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture mushroom

Abstract Yield values, diameters and numbers of fruit bodies obtained from the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms were determined and the effects of different substrate combinations on productivity were investigated. Wastes of some lignocellulosic materials such as leaves of hazelnut (LH), leaves of tilia (LT) and leaves of European aspen (LEA), wheat straw (WS), sawdust (S) waste paper (WP) were used for producing P. ostreatus. The best main material and the best substrate combination for mushroom productivity were WS and WS+WP (50%+50%), respectively. Mixtures which involve WP generally produced higher yield values when compared to the other combinations. Mixtures which contained bran (25%) increased the risk of contamination. The lowest yield and the smallest fruit body diameters values were obtained from LT (100%) and LEA+S (50%+50%). The greatest number of fruit body was obtained in the combination WS+LH+WP (30%+50%+20%). The largest diameter of fruit body was obtained from OT (100%), even though few fruit bodies were observed.

Leaching and decay resistance of alder and pine wood treated with copper based wood preservatives

The objective of this study was to determine the leaching and decay resistance of Alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood samples treated with copper based preservatives. Samples were treated with CCA, ACQ, Tanalith E and Wolmanit with different concentrations. Scots pine samples were exposed the mini-block test against brown rot fungi (Poria placenta) and Coniophora puteana while alder wood samples were tested against brown rot fungi (Coniophora puteana) and white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor). Regarding to leaching test, treated samples were impregnated with 300 ml of distilled water and after 6, 24, 48 and thereafter at 48-hour intervals, the leachate was removed and replaced with fresh distilled water according to AWPA E11. Samples of each leachate were collected and retained for copper analysis. Amount of copper released from treated wood during the leaching test was chemically analyzed with Atomic Absorption spectroscopy. Perchloric acid procedure for the digestion of wood was used according to AWPA A7-97. The amount of copper component (Qd), the cumulative quantities leached (Qc) and the average daily fluxes (FLUX) were calculated. Results shows that CCA treated samples release less copper compared to other copper based preservatives used in this study. Highest mass losses were obtained from the leached samples treated with 1% of ACQ-2200 against decay fungi.

Effect of accelerated aging on some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on compression strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, color change, volumetric swelling, and volumetric shrinkage of bamboo specimens with and without node sections. In the study, these properties were compared with those of Scots pine and beech wood specimens. Depending on bamboo sections, the aging procedure reduced modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength. Bamboo specimens showed relatively high strength properties compared to wood specimens due to having high density. Strength properties increased from bottom to top of bamboo culms. The presence of nodes in the specimens reduced compression strength and modulus of rupture but affected modulus of elasticity slightly. Remarkable color changes in specimens were observed after aging. Volumetric swelling and shrinkage of bamboo specimens exposed to aging decreased probably due to heat effect of aging procedure.

Weathering Resistance of Oriental Spruce Wood Treated with Different Protection Processes

AbstractThe effect of the outdoor exposure in the Uzungol and Hidirnebi plateaus for 15 months on oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood is examined in this paper. A number of oriental spruce wood samples with eight different protection processes applied to them are subjected to weathering conditions. Heat treatment and impregnation with micronized copper quaternary (MCQ) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbing acrylic resin (UVA-acrylic) as a wood finish are used. The obtained changes in the color and roughness values, chemical changes, and visual macroscopic changes to the wood samples with and without protection, subjected to natural outdoor tests, are compared. It is revealed that the application of acrylic resin containing UV absorber on oriental spruce after heat treatment increases the resistance of the wood samples to weathering conditions in visual, physical, and chemical terms. In addition, heat treatment is determined to protect oriental spruce without wood finishing.

Protection against Weathering Using Micronized Copper Quat and Heat Treatment Methods on Wood for Construction of Mountain Houses

AbstractDuring this study, the protective effects of heat treatment and micronized copper quat (MCQ) impregnation on wooden surfaces in outdoor conditions were observed. Within the scope of the study, the 15-month weathering test effects on the Uzungol and Hidirnebi plateaus on oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wooden materials were studied. Changes of color, roughness, and visual-macroscopic values were compared on wooden surfaces that were subjected to weathering tests. Changes in the chemical properties of exposed surfaces were investigated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The presented data have clearly shown that the MCQ and heat treatment methods increased the stabilization of color and have slowed down the physical and chemical degradation on the wood surface under outdoor conditions. Moreover, the best protection methods against weathering were found to be heat treatment of Scots pine and MCQ impregnation of oriental beech.

Bazı odun kabuk ekstraktları arasında karşılaştırma: Anti-fungal aktivite olarak

Ozet Calismanin amaci: Cevre dostu ve dogada cozunebilen odun koruma maddelerine olan ihtiyac son yillarda artmistir. Bu calismada, agac kabuklarinin antifungal etkileri incelenmistir. Calisma alani: Sahil cami ( Pinus pinaster L.), demir ( Casuarina equisetifolia L.), mimoza ( Acacia mollissima L.) kizilcam ( Pinus brutia Ten. ), ve goknar ( Abies nordmanniana ) agac kabuklari kullanilmistir. Materyal ve Yontem: TAPPI standardina gore alkol-benzen ekstraksiyonu sonucu elde edilen ekstraklarin iki farkli konsantrasyonu hazirlanmistir. Kabuk ekstraklarinin etkinligi esmer curukluk mantari Coniophera puteana, ve beyaz curukluk mantari; Trametes versicolor’a karsi degerlendirilmistir . Sonuclar: Sahil cami ve goknar agac kabuk ekstraktlari T. Versicolor mantarina karsi, C. puteana mantarindan daha fazla dayanim gostermistir. Bunun aksine demir ve mimoza agac kabuk ekstraktlari esmer curukluk mantari C. puteana mantarina karsi daha dayaniklidir. Mantar aktivitesinin engellenmesinde konsantrasyon en onemli faktordur. Mantar gelisiminin durdurulmasi konsantrasyona paralel bir sekilde artmistir. Arastirma vurgulari: Dogal fenolik bilesikler bakimindan zengin olan kabuk ekstraktlarinin mantar aktivitesini engelledigi dusunulmektedir. Agac kabuklarinin odun koruma maddesi olarak kullanilabilme potansiyeline sahip oldugu gorulmustur.