Ung Su Choi

FT-IR and Isotherm Study on Anion Adsorption onto Novel Chelating Fibers

A new chelating fiber, poly(acrylo-amidino diethylenediamine), was synthesized based on polyacrylonitrile fibers in diethylenetriamine with the aid of AlCl 3 . Complex formation with CrO 4 2- was strongly pH-dependent, as complexes formed only in the presence of NH 3 + and NH 2 + . In the medium pH region, both ionic and hydrogen bonds were formed between poly(acrylo-amidino diethylenediamine) and the chromate ion, as was confirmed by means of FT-IR spectroscopy.

Amines immobilized double-walled silica nanotubes for CO2 capture.

Novel silica support has been required for high amine loading and good CO2 molecule diffusion into its pores to increase the performance of CO2 adsorbents. Herein, amine groups supported on double-walled silica nanotubes (DWSNTs) have been prepared via the immobilization of various aminosilanes (primary, secondary, tertiary, di-, and tri-aminosilanes) on DWSNT, and found to be a very effective adsorbent for CO2 capture. Amine groups immobilized DWSNTs captured CO2 reversibly in a temperature swing process at various adsorption temperatures (25°C, 50°C, 75°C, and 100°C). The amines on modified DWSNTs showed high CO2 capture capacity in the order of tri-, di-, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The CO2 capture capacity of all aminosilanes immobilized DWSNTs decreased linearly with the increase of the adsorption temperature. We expect that DWSNT would be able to inspire researchers to use it not only as a support for CO2 capture but also as a promising candidate for various applications.

Gelation of chitin and chitosan dispersed suspensions under electric field: effect of degree of deacetylation.

Herein, the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) on the gelation of the chitosan dispersed suspension as an electrorheological (ER) fluid under an electric field is presented. The fluids were prepared by dispersing the chitin and the chitosan particles having various DDs into silicone oil, and they were evaluated under various electric fields. The alignment of chitosan particles in the fluid was also observed using an optical microscope under the electric field. The formed fibrous structure between electrodes are though to continue to the viscosity increase, because an attempt to move one electrode relative to the order would be hindered by the drag of the dangling fibrils. A noteworthy result is that the region of the frequency for gel state of the ER fluids increased in the order of chitosan DD 99.3, 93.4, 73.2, 83.8, and 87.3% under electric fields while the modulus of the fluids increased in the reverse order. This order was well-matched with the result of dielectric constants and yield stresses of ER fluids. The study of influence of DD on the gelation of the chitosan dispersed suspension under an electric field shows the relevance of the chemical composition of the heteropolysaccharide (chitin-chitosan copolymer) to the rheological and electric properties of ER suspensions.

Novel synthesis and characterization of activated carbon fiber and dye adsorption modeling

Abstract The main objective of this work is to prepare activated carbon fibers (ACF), analyze a synthesis mechanism of those fibers, and develop a new dye adsorption model. The surface chemical structures of the synthesized viscose rayon phosphates and ACF were analyzed using TOF–SIMS and ATR FT-IR. After steam-activation of carbon fiber at high temperature, the carboxyl group could not be observed due to the high temperature activation. Only the oxygen-contained carbon ring groups appeared. The adsorption mechanism of the developed model in this study, the bottle-neck model, was simple to understand and apply to the industrial adsorption plants. The model could predict theoretical concentration versus time or dye concentration in an ultra accurate manner in the medium and low concentration regions, which could not previously be attempted by other models.

Removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using chelating fiber packed column: equilibrium and kinetic studies.

Herein, we demonstrate the adsorption process system with the diethylenetriamne coupled polyacrylonitrile fiber for the removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions in the aqueous solution. The synthesized chelating fiber showed a high adsorption capacity of 11.4 mequiv/g. Interestingly, the crystal growth of copper ions on the chelating fiber was observed during the adsorption process. The chelating fiber packed column showed the high performance of the removal of Cu(II) in the aqueous solution due to the distinct characteristic of the crystal growth of metal ions on the chelating fiber. After Cu(II) adsorption on the chelating fiber, the color of the fiber changed to light blue from yellow. The isotherm parameter n of 1.991 was obtained with Freundlich isotherm model for the adsorption equilibrium study which indicates that Cu(II) adsorption on the chelating fiber is very favorable due to n>1. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model equations were used for the kinetic study.

Hierarchically porous aminosilica monolith as a CO2 adsorbent.

A facile strategy is successfully developed for the centimeter-scale preparation of hierarchically porous aminosilica monolith as a CO2 adsorbent just by simple processes of solvent-evaporation-induced coating, self-assembly, and concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate sol on the surface of a polymer foam template without any adhesive composite material or hydrothermal treatment. (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane is immobilized on the surface of silica monolith via a gas-phase procedure. The silica frameworks of the monolith mimic those of the polymer foam template at the macroscale, and the frameworks are composed of the SBA-15 structure at the nanoscale. The hierarchically porous structure demonstrates improved properties over the single-mode porous component, with the macroporous framework ensuring mechanical stability and good mass transport properties, while the smaller pores provide the functionality for CO2 adsorption.

Influence of particle size on shear behavior of amine-group-immobilized polyacrylonitrile dispersed suspension under electric field.

Different-sized particles dispersed electrorheological (ER) fluids were fabricated with poly(acryloamidino diethylenediamine) to observe the influence of the particle size on ER behaviors. The fine particles dispersed ER suspension showed stable shear stress under a DC electric field. On the other hand, the rough particles dispersed suspension showed trembling shear stress which is divided into four regions in a plot of shear stress against shear rate. Our suggested spring-damper model equation treated the wide range of shear rate and specific (trembling) behaviors of shear stress in ER fluids. In this study, we successfully obtained various ER fluids showing different behaviors just by changing the size of particles in the ER fluids. All of the curves of the shear stress plotted against shear rate were fitted well by our spring-damper model.

Arsenic(V) removal using an amine-doped acrylic ion exchange fiber: Kinetic, equilibrium, and regeneration studies

This study investigates As(V) removal from aqueous solutions using a novel amine-doped acrylic ion exchange fiber. The amine doping reaction was confirmed using FT-IR, and the surface of the fiber was characterized using FEG-SEM. The synthesis process was completed within 60min using an AlCl3·6H2O catalyst at 100°C, and the resulting in a fiber with an ion exchange capacity of 7.5meq/g. The removal efficiency of the A-60 fiber was affected by the solution pH, and the efficiency was optimum at pH 3.04. As(V) adsorption on the fiber was rapid in the first 20min and reached equilibrium in 60min. As(V) removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm model provided the best fit of the equilibrium data. The fiber has an As(V) adsorption capacity (qe) of 205.32±3.57mg/g, which is considerably higher than literature values and commercial adsorbents. The removal efficiency of the fiber was above 83% of the initial value after nine regeneration cycles.

Positive and Negative Electrorheological Response of Alginate Salts Dispersed Suspensions under Electric Field

Electrorheological (ER) effects of alginic acid and alginate salts (Na(+) alginate, NH(4)(+) alginate, and Ca(2+) alginate) dispersed suspensions were investigated under DC electric fields. A noteworthy result is that the Ca(2+) alginate dispersed suspension showed negative electrorheological effects under electric fields while the other suspensions exhibited positive electrorheological effects. It is the first time that the negative ER effect is obtained with the biomacromolecule. Interestingly, at the DC electric fields, the electromigration of particles to two electrodes was observed in the negative ER fluid, while the particles-bridges formed between two electrodes in the case of the positive ER fluid. In conclusion, the specific salt type of biomacromolecules could be suitable ER particles for negative ER suspension. We believe that our study can present a new way for the development of the biocompatible and eco-friendly negative ER fluids.

Gelation of natural polymer dispersed suspensions under electric field

Potential applications for natural polymers have been intensively researched for a long time. Electrorheological (ER) fluids are a kind of colloidal suspension with rheological properties that can reversibly change over several orders of magnitude under a sufficiently strong electric field within a millisecond. By extension of the study on the properties of natural polymers to enlarge their applications, herein, we briefly review the ER materials based on natural polymers such as cellulose, starch, and chitosan. This highlight focuses on the current research of ER materials based on natural polymers and their perspective.