Upali Vandebona

Behavioural Causes and Categories of Traffic Violations by Motorcyclists in Indonesian Urban Roads

To prevent road accidents and formulate policies to promote road safety in urban roads, it is crucial to understand factors that cause violation of traffic rules. Although such issues have been investigated in developed countries, the availability of such knowledge in rapidly motorizing countries, such as Indonesia, is still poor. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing violation behavior by motorcyclists and types of such violations. The study is based on surveys of three metropolitan cities, namely Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya, in Indonesia. Structural equation modelling has been performed to investigate factors influencing motorcyclists to commit traffic violations and their causal relationships. Although there are differences in the ranking of factors influencing traffic violations among the three cities studied, the analysis has been able to show patterns of similarities as well. The inadequacy of engineering and maintenance conditions of the road infrastructure appears to be partly responsible for the phenomenon of motorcyclists developing a lack of respect to traffic rules.

A Bulk Queue Model for the Evaluation of Impact of Headway Variations and Passenger Waiting Behavior on Public Transit Performance

This paper demonstrates a model developed using the Markov chain technique, to ascertain the performance of public transit systems and examine the effects of stochastic variations in passenger arrival, waiting, boarding, and alighting behaviors on the regularity of headway along the route. The model addresses situations in which passengers abandon the system after a certain amount of waiting time. This accounts for the existence of a finite allowance of waiting time from the viewpoint of the passengers. The numerical examples included offer insights into factors that affect the reliability of public transit systems and presented analysis of the system performance measures such as mean counts of passengers served by transit systems, abandoned passengers, and unused space on vehicles. The impact of variability of departure headway on the utilization of public transit systems is illustrated. This model can be used as an analysis tool by transit planners to evaluate selection of system attributes.

Analysis and planning of bicycle parking for public transport stations

ABSTRACT This study investigates bicycle parking behavior at public transport stations. More specifically, this article discusses the siting of bicycle parking spaces at stations and selection between different bicycle parking devices. The insight can improve bicycle parking patronage at public transport stations. A revealed preference database collected jointly by the Roads and Maritime Services of Australia and Parsons Brinckerhoff during October and November 2008 is used in this study. This data was obtained by visiting 146 of New South Waless train stations, whereby observations of bicycles parked outside in the open air were made. The observations included counts of parked bicycles, counts of bicycle parking spaces, parking distances to station entrances, and the presence of streetscape features surrounding parking locations. The study also utilizes similar revealed preference data of bicycle parking in secure bicycle lockers, which are provided at 102 Sydney train stations. This data was collected in May 2011. Data segmentation and graphical comparison shows bicycles parked outside in the open air are parked differently than those parked in secure bicycle lockers. Regression analyses find significant relationships between various streetscape and train station characteristics upon bicycle parking levels. Station patronage, appropriate distancing of bicycle parking infrastructure, and presence of passive and active surveillance were factors found to be predictive of bicycle parking. Ultimately, the study has implications on the provision, placement, and selection of bicycle parking infrastructure at public transport stations.

A Model to Evaluate the Impact of Headway Variation and Vehicle Size on the Reliability of Public Transit

Reliability of public transit systems is a chronic concern for transit operators, authorities, and users, in terms of system utilization and level of service. This paper develops a theoretical model to evaluate factors that influence the reliability of public transit systems and examines their performance based on stochastic variations in passenger arrival, boarding, alighting, and travel time on the regularity of headway along the route with multiple stops. The model is based on a Markov chain technique to obtain numerical estimates of performance. The predictions of this model are verified based on replicating the well-observed phenomenal relationship between the mean and variance of delay experienced by passengers. The numerical examples offer insights into the factors that affect the reliability of public transit systems. This investigation provides a better understanding of determinants of reliability of public transit systems and it can be used as an analysis tool by transit planners to evaluate the effectiveness of various policies.

Impact of urbanization on user expectations related to public transport accessibility

An analysis of experience and expectations of urban residents towards accessibility to public transport systems from a number of cities at varying levels of urbanization is presented. A framework suitable to investigate differences of walking time to public transport facilities was initially established. It is then demonstrated that there is a relationship between the level of service of accessibility to public transport systems in a given urban area and expectations of its residents. Access to bus stops as well as railway stations has been considered. The paper provides a framework for planners to identify the perceived value of improvements to accessibility by accounting for the difference between the improvement of a physical measure of accessibility and the increased level of expectation of the subject community. The analysis has shown that it is important to keep the walking time for access to public transport systems below a specific value to ensure that the level of service associated with accessibility is within community expectations.

Reconfiguration of Handicapped Parking Spaces to Maximize Utilization of Available Space

This paper presents a design solution based on analysis of the appropriate width of handicapped parking space for individuals with different levels of disabilities in Saga. The methodology followed in this study revealed an option for increasing the available quantity of handicapped parking within the available space by selectively reducing the width of alighting space requirements built into space standards. A physical simulation was carried out with assistance from volunteers with different types of disabilities who were asked to park in a confined space in order to obtain meaningful data for space requirements by disabled individuals. The investigation found that the current standard of 3.5 m width adopted for handicapped parking is conservative and has little merit from the point of view of functionality for handicapped individuals. The data collected allowed the research team to develop a methodology to propose a new arrangement for increasing the parking spaces for disabled persons. The paper explains the physical data collection process and details of the proposed arrangement that could better utilize the available space. number of handicapped parking spaces. Results of before and after surveys during 2006 and 2008 by Kiyota (2011) have shown that the PP system has made it harder for wheelchair bound severely disabled to find appropriate parking spaces. The percentage of severely disabled motorists observed in disabled parking spaces has decreased from 24.4% to 14.0% in a popular large shopping mall in Saga according the above surveys. (4) There was no mechanism to increase the quantity of handicapped parking spaces to match the expansion of the disabled population that followed from the introduction of the PP system. It is difficult to change current policy in only the Saga region instead of the entirety of Japan. Drop off areas with benches for disabled passengers may resolve this problem, but not all popular shopping malls have that condition. It was hypothesized that it may be possible to add more handicapped parking spaces by a strategy of reconfiguring the disabled parking spaces according to the actual space needed by users. It was acknowledged that broad width spaces were required by wheelchair users. It was speculated however, that individuals with mild disabilities did not need the generous width of parking space provided to wheelchair users. Therefore, the suitable planning solution required may be a reconfiguration of the current overall space allocated to handicapped parking in such a manner that there are spaces with different widths to match proportions and needs of different user populations. Experiments performed during this project showed that it is possible to establish the width of parking space used by different categories of individuals with different types of disabilities. The initial experiment surprised authors as it challenged the conventional width associated with disabled parking spaces although this paper does not propose to vary the long established standard. Following sections of the paper are presented to explain how the width of parking space required varies with the category of disability and detailed description of how the available space can be reconfigured to increase the number of spaces available for individuals with mild disabilities.