Upik Anderiani Miskad

Hepatitis C virus genotype in blood donors and associated liver disease in Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and the possible association between genotype and HCV-associated liver disease in Indonesia. Methods: 32 anti-HCV-positive asymptomatic carriers (AC), 55 chronic hepatitis (CH), 41 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 35 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were included in this study. HCV genotyping was performed by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B and 5′-UTR regions. Results: The HCV subtype 1b (36.5%), based on NS5B region, was the most prevalent, followed by subtypes 3k (15.4%), 2a (14.4%), 1a (12.5%) and 1c (12.5%), and 2e (4.8%). Subtypes 2f, 3a, 3b, and 4a were also found in some of the samples. HCV subtypes 3k (40.0%) and 1a (35.0%) were the two major subtypes in AC. HCV subtype 1b was not found in AC, but it was common in CH (31.3%), LC (50.0%), and HCC (57.1%). Conclusion: HCV subtype 1b was prevalent in samples of HCV-associated liver disease patients, including CH, LC and HCC. The percentage of subtype 1b was increased with the disease severity (AC < CH < LC < HCC).

Hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype appears to show varying geographic distribution. Molecular epidemiological study of HBV in particular areas in Indonesia is still limited. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of HBV genotype/subgenotype and mutations in basal core promoter (BCP) region in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, one of the biggest cities in east part of Indonesia.A total of 214 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive samples were enrolled in this study. HBV genotype/subgenotype was identified by genotype-specific PCR method or direct sequencing of pre-S region. Mutations in BCP were identified by direct sequencing of the corresponding region.ResultsHBV/B and HBV/C were detected in 61.21% and 25.23% of the samples, while mix of HBV/B and HBV/C was found in 12.62% of the samples. Based on pre-S region, among HBV/B and HBV/C, HBV/B3 (95.00%) and HBV/C1 (58.82%) were predominant. Interestingly, HBV/D was identified in two samples (22.165.07 and 22.252.07). Complete genome sequences of two HBV/D strains (22.165.07 and 22.252.07) demonstrated that both strains belong to HBV/D6, and the divergence between the two strains were 1.45%, while divergences of both 22.165.07 and 22.252.07 strains with reference strain (AM422939/France) were 2.67%. A1762T/G1764A mutation was observed in 1.96% and 5.36%, whereas T1753V mutation was found in 2.94% and 1.79% of HBV/B and HBV/C, respectively.ConclusionHBV/B and HBV/C are dominant in Makassar, similar to most areas in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP which might be associated with severity of liver disease are less common.

Correlation Between Expressions of VEGF and CA-125 with Stage, Level of Differentiation and Histopathology Type of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Cancer Antigen (CA-125) is a tumor marker used to detect ovarian cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship of VEGF expression and the levels of CA-125 on primary tumor associated with stage, degree of differentiation and histopathological types of epithelial ovarian cancer. This study is an observational study with a cross sectional design in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and some parts teaching hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology began in August 2015 to February 2016. The population was all patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated and underwent surgery at the hospital who met the inclusion criteria. The data were processed using SPSS with bivariate analysis Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and Spearmans Rho. The result there were significant differences of VEGF expression in cell differentiation and histopathological type (p <0.05). There are significant differences in the levels of CA-125 with clinical stage, differentiation of cells and histopathological type (p <0.05). The expression of VEGF is getting stronger when the type of epithelial ovarian cancer is getting bad influence on the degree of cells differentiation and the histopathological type. CA-125 levels obtained increased at an advanced stage and degree of cells differentiation are bad for ovarian cancer. There is a positive correlation between the expression of VEGF and CA-125 levels in epithelial ovarian cancer but was not significantly different and the relationship is weak.

Expression of protein regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) and VEGF in ovarian epithelial cancer and metastatic site

Background: PRL-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3) and VEGF have been reported to play a role in the growth and metastasize of some cancers, including ovarian cancer. Aims: To investigate the expression of PRL-3 and VEGF in ovarian epithelial cancer, metastatic tumor and correlate with the clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: Expressions of PRL-3 and VEGF in 40 ovarian epithelial cancer specimens and 25 omentum metastasis site were detected by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR was also performed to detect PRL-3 mRNA from ascites. Results: PRL-3 mRNA expression was clearly detected in the ascites of ovarian cancer patient positive metastasis compare with ovarian cancer without metastasis. Among ovarian epithelial cancer, there were 7 (17.5%) endometrioid, 11 (27.5%) mucinous and 22 (55%) samples of serous tumor. The expression of PRL-3 and VEGF was significantly higher in the primary ovarian epithelial cancer with omentum metastasis than primary tumor without metastasis (p = 0.031, p = 0.036). There was no significant correlation between PRL-3, VEGF expression and histological type, histological grade, and stadium. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that PRL-3 and VEGF may play a significant role in invasion and metastasis of ovarian epithelial cancer. PRL-3 might be a novel molecular marker for aggressive ovarian cancer and act as a poor prognostic factor.

Expression of protein regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) and E-Cadherin in metastatic breast cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Recently, PRL-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3/PTP4A3) was reported to participate in the progression of breast cancer, but the mechanism still needs clarification. Aims: To investigate the expression of PRL-3 and E-Cadherin in breast cancer and metastatic tumor and correlate with the clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: Expressions of PRL-3 and E-Cadherin in 114 primary breast cancer specimens and 73 lymph node metastasis were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Among primary breast cancers examined, there were 11 (9.6%) low grade, 70 (61.4%) moderate grade and 33 (28.9%) high grade malignancy. There was significant correlation between PRL-3 expression and histological grading of breast cancer (p = 0.044) and the presence of LN metastasis (p < 0.001). The significant correlation was also found between expression of E-cadherin and the presence of LN metastasis (p = 0.001). The expression of PRL-3 in primary site was significantly correlated with metastatic site (p < 0.001). Then, the result showed that the higher the PRL-3 expression the lower the expression of E-cadherin in breast cancer. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that PRL-3 plays a role in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. PRL-3 may down-regulate the expression of E-cadherin and induce metastatic ability in breast cancer.