Urip Harahap

Subchronic Toxicity Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Picria fel-terrae Lour. Leaf in Wistar Rats

Picria fel-terrae extract has been investigated for its hepatoprotective activity. This current study was conducted to evaluate the subchronic toxic effect of Picria fel-terrae Lour. leaf extract. The subchronic toxicity of ethanol extract of P. fel-terrae leaf was evaluated by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) were orally administered to the test animals for 90 days. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed for 90 days and 118 days. The biochemistry, hematology, macropathology, relative organ weight and histopathology examination was also performed. The macroscopic and microscopic examinations of liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart displayed normal color and texture after treatment, with ethanol extract P. fel-terrae leaf at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg BW. The signs of toxicity, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic changes, as well as increasing biochemistry parameters were observed after treatment, with extract at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW. However, the abnormal value of biochemistry parameters was returned to normal when the treatment was stopped. There was no effect on hematological parameters at all doses of extract. The ethanol extract P. fel-terrae leaf is untoxic for long-term use at dose 125 and 250 mg/kg BW. The toxic effect of P. fel-terrae at 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW was reversible.

Antimigration Activity of an Ethylacetate Fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruits in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the antimigration activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Methods: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruit powder was extracted by maceration method with n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were assessed using the MTT method and the cell cycle by flow cytometry. In addition, wound healing assays were conducted by a microscopic method, and expression of COX-2 and VEGFR-2 were determined using qRT-PCR. Results: The IC50 of the ethylacetate fraction (EAF) was 48.1 ± 1.06 µg/mL. The EAE at a concentration 10 µg/mL with viable cells was 62.3 ± 0.28% after 72 h incubation, with accumulation in the G2-M phase, inhibition of cell migration in the wound healing assay, and decrease in expression of COX-2 (0.62 ± 0.01) and VEGFR-2 (0.39 ± 0.003). Conclusion: The results reveal that an ethylacetate fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits provides effective antimigration effects. Further studies are now planned to assess the potential of the ethylacetate fraction to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer and determine underlying mechanisms.

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF JALOH (SALIX TETRASPERMA ROXB.) LEAVES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Objective: This study aims to determine antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).Methods: Extract was obtained by maceration method of jaloh (S. tetrasperma Roxb.) leaves dried powder with 96% ethanol as solvent. The antibacterial activities of extract were tested by Kirby–Bauer method against SA and PA. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal–Wallis test for significant difference level p<0.05.Results: Based on the regression test, the equation of regression curve of extract antibacterial activity on SA and PA, respectively, was y=350.456x-229.579 and y=331.866x-272.069. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SA and PA from the equation of regression curve, respectively, were 4.5193 and 6.6039 mg/mL.Conclusion: Based on the MIC value, ethanolic jaloh leaves extract had a weak antibacterial activity against SA and PA.