V. A. Chereshnev

Simulation of the interferon-mediated protective field in lymphoid organs with their spatial and functional organization taken into consideration

194 The development of antiviral immune responses occurs in the lymph nodes (LNs) that drain the affected organ and in other secondary lymphoid organs [1]. The three dimensional structural and functional organization of the LNs meets the task of maintaining the optimal conditions for the develop ment of immune responses. In particular, in the LNs, viruses interact with the antigen presenting cells Simulation of the Interferon Mediated Protective Field in Lymphoid Organs with Their Spatial and Functional Organization Taken into Consideration

Myelopeptides in treatment for stress- and injury-induced changes in the immune response to a heterologous thymus-dependent antigen in rats with penetrating eye wounds

3. Throughout the text of the article LOR should read DTH. Erratum: “Myelopeptides in Treatment for Stressand InjuryInduced Changes in the Immune Response to a Heterologous Thymus-Dependent Antigen in Rats with Penetrating Eye Wounds” [Doklady Biological Sciences, 2007, vol. 412, pp. 8–10] T. V. Gavrilova, N. L. Berkasova, Yu. I. Shilov, M. V. Chereshneva, and Academician V. A. Chereshnev Submitted April 5, 2007; accepted for publication April 15, 2007

Effect of “profetal” on differentiation and functional activity of human mononuclear leukocytes

The effect of “Profetal”, a preparation containing human α-fetoprotein, on proliferative activity and differentiation of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from donor peripheral blood was studied in cultures with serum-free media. The results suggest that human α-fetoprotein in effective doses stimulates proliferation and blast transformation of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with the formation of CD34+/CD45+ hemopoietic precursor cells. This phenomenon of ex vivo generation of hemopoietic precursor cells using human α-fetoprotein can be important for clinical oncology, specifically, for the development of adaptive cell therapies.

Mechanisms of Changes in the Hemoglobin Profile during Acute Adaptation to Extreme Conditions

We studied changes in rat hemoglobin isoforms during acute adaptation to various hypoxic conditions. Erythrocytes were heterogeneous in the content of various hemoglobin isoforms. Changes in the hemoglobin profile during hypoxia are related to variations in the ratio between populations of erythrocytes differing in the content of individual hemoglobin isoforms.

The effect of polyoxidonium on immune response and morphological parameters of inflammation after experimental penetrating eye injury

75 Unique physiological features of the organ of vision and its immune status make penetrating eye injury (PEI) and its therapy a multidisciplinary problem [1–3]. PEI is an example of local injury inducing both loñal responses with the disruption of immunosuppression in the organ and general changes in the immune syss tem [1, 4]. The Russian immunostimulant Polyoxidoo nium is a promising drug for enhancing healing proo cesses in the injured eye tissues, formation of more mature and structured scar tissue [5, 6]. This study has provided evidence for the antiiinflammatory effect of Polioxidonium and its ability to attenuate inflammaa tory cell infiltration in the injured area. We have demm onstrated that, despite stimulation of secretion of antii bodies, the traumatic immunosuppression of the delayeddtype hypersensitivity response (DHR) to thyy mussdependent xenoantigen occurs shortly after the injury. This offers new prospects in discovering the mechh anism of the immunomodulation effect of this drug. The study was performed on 119 white male rats weighing 213 ± 4 g. Penetrating injury of the right eye was inflicted under 2% procaine anesthesia [6]. On the first stage of the study, the immunomodulation effect of polyoxidonium alone or together with standard therapeutic protocol for PEI during immune response to sheep erythrocytes was evaluated. The injured anii mals were divided into four groups (Table 1). The fifth group included control animals (the PEI was not inflicted, while the right eye was sham anesthetized with 0.9% NaCl). All drugs were administered 6 h after the injury. Standard therapeutic drugs were adminiss tered subcutaneously (0.1 mg/kg dexamethasone phosphate once a day; 0.5 mg/kg sodium diclofenac, 12.5 mg/kg sodium ampicillin, and 1.5 mg/kg gentamii cin sulfate twice a day). Polyoxidonium (0.1 mg/kg) was administered 6 h, two days, and four days after the injury. To induce the immune response, all rats were sensitized with sheep erythrocytes (10 8 cells subcutaa neously in the right foot sole) 7 h after the beginning of the experiment. On day 4, the antigen was adminiss tered subcutaneously (10 9 sheep erythrocytes in the right sole, and 0.1 mL of 0.9% NaCl in the left sole). On day 5, all animals were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The endocrine response was evaluated by the number of antibodyyforming cells in the regional (popliteal) lymph node, which was evaluated by local hemolysis in agarose gel [7]; the DHR was evaluated by the response index [8]. …

Dependence of the lymphocyte proliferative response on the endogenous cortisol level and sensitivity to β-adrenergic regulation in vitro in the early period of penetrating eye injury

304 Penetrating eye injury (PEI) is an example of spa tially limited injury entailing not only local responses, including impairment of immunosuppression mecha nisms in this immunologically privileged organ itself, but also systemic stress related changes in the immune system in response to the hazard of the loss of an organ important for receiving information [1–3]. The mech anisms of these changes in PEI have not been studied sufficiently; most researchers consider the anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) to be the leading phenomenon [4–6]. We have obtained pioneering data on the role of glucocorticoids and the change in the sensitivity of the lymphocyte prolifera tive response to β adrenergic regulation caused by these hormones in the T cell response to mitogens during the early period of PEI. This offers new possi bilities for clarifying the role of the neuroendocrine system in the modulation of immune functions in PEI.

Mechanism underlying the effect of myelopeptides on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

We studied the role of monocytes in the effect of myelopid and myelopeptides MP-1, MP-3, MP-5, and MP-6 on functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the reaction of blast transformation. Myelopeptides MP-1, MP-3, and MP-6 suppressed blast transformation of lymphocytes. The effect depended on the presence of monocytes in a cell culture.

Role of Functional Activity of Phagocytic Mononuclear System in the Formation of Autoprostheses for Angioplasty

The possibility of formation of connective-tissue vascular prostheses on subcutaneously implanted polychlorovynil base was demonstrated in experiments on rats. Suppression of the function of phagocytic cell with carrageenan decelerates, while its stimulation with tamerit accelerates the formation of connective-tissue autoprostheses.

System of Hemopoiesis and Morphogenesis

Method of transplantation of hemopoietic cells is proposed for acceleration of recovery of damaged tissue structures. The morphogenetic effect of transplantation depended on the state of damaged tissue and was determined by not only hemopoietic stem cells, but also lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells.