V. Ya. Shestoperov

Measurement of energy of medium-mass and heavy cosmic-ray nuclei by a specific energy deposition at the maximum of hadron showers in dense matter

The possibility of measuring the energy of cosmic-ray nuclei (for energies higher than 1 TeV) by means of recording the greatest specific energy deposition in hadron showers generated in dense matter is investigated. This method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of energy measurements by thin calorimeters in studying high-energy cosmic rays at high altitudes. Attainable accuracies in measuring energy are considered for the cases of light and heavy nuclei. The results of a relevant simulation are compared with data from the Kosmos-1713 satellite-borne experiment.

Determination of energies of cosmic-ray nuclei in the region above 1 TeV

A method is proposed for measuring energies of particles in the region above 1 TeV. The method is based on detecting the greatest specific energy deposition in hadronic cascades propagating in dense matter. This makes it possible to improve accuracy in measuring energy by thin calorimeters in studying the energy spectra of high-energy cosmic rays at high altitudes. Attainable accuracies in measuring energy are considered for protons and He nuclei. The results of a relevant simulation are compared with the results of a satellite-borne experiment with Kosmos-1713.

uclear interactions of very-high energy with large energy transfer into neutral pions

SummaryThe experimental data were obtained using an apparatus of an area of 10 m2 installed at Mt. Aragats (3200 m above sea level). The apparatus contained emulsion plates and ionization chambers. Nuclear interactions in which a large fraction of the primary energy is transferred to neutral pions have been observed.RiassuntoI dati sperimentali sono stati ottenuti usando un’apparecchiatura della superficie di 10 m2 collocato sul monte Aragts (3200 m sul livello del mare). L’apparecchiatura conteneva lastre di emulsioni e camere di ionizzazione. Sono state osservate interazioni nucleari in cui una larga parte dell’energia primaria è trasferita a pioni neutri.

Comparison of features of high-energy proton and alpha-particle interactions with C, Fe, and Pb nuclei in various models

The results that the FLUKA, GHEISHA, and QGSM codes produce for the features of hadron interactions are compared with one another and with experimental data. Distinctions between hadronic cascades computed in lead and iron on the basis of the different codes are analyzed. The possibility of using model concepts underlying the codes in question at energies above 1 TeV is considered.