Vadim G. Lyssenko

Highly efficient top emitting organic light-emitting diodes with organic outcoupling enhancement layers

We demonstrate high-efficiency top emitting organic light-emitting diodes employing silver (Ag) for both anode and cathode. Following the p-i-n doping and double emission layer concepts, the devices show a very high efficiency of 50cd∕A at 1000cd∕m2 with a driving voltage of only 2.85V. The efficiency can be further improved to 78cd∕A by tuning the optical structure with an organic capping layer. A simple explanation based on the transmittance of the top contact cannot explain this efficiency enhancement. Instead, we theoretically show that this capping effect is dependent on the overall optical structure of the device.

Dynamics of a high-Q vertical-cavity organic laser

We investigate the dynamics of the organic laser guest-host composite of tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline) aluminium and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran embedded in a high-Q (Q≈4500) double distributed Bragg reflector microcavity using subpicosecond up-conversion techniques. Lasing is observed at a threshold of 0.4nJ∕20μJcm−2 with a linewidth of 0.05 nm (resolution limit). We observe a strongly nonlinear intensity-dependent delay of the emitted radiation burst. All experimental results are successfully modeled by a set of nonlinear rate equations, emphasizing the importance of a feedback mechanism for lasing.

Parabolic polarization splitting of Tamm states in a metal-organic microcavity

We observe hybrid states of cavity photons and Tamm plasmons in an organic microcavity with an incorporated thin silver layer of increasing thickness up to 40 nm. Via μ-photoluminescence spectroscopy, we investigate their angular dependence. At oblique angles, we observe a TE-TM polarization splitting of more than 40 meV for each mode. An analytical model is developed to describe the coupling of Tamm plasmons and cavity photons and to account for the splitting of the orthogonally polarized resonances.

Continuously tunable laser emission from a wedge-shaped organic microcavity

We present an organic microcavity laser with wide tunability in the range of 595–650nm, having a threshold as low as 2nJ/pulse. The active medium consists of the organic composite tris(8-hydroxy quinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) embedded in between two distributed Bragg reflectors. The inhomogeneously broadened emission from DCM is exploited for lasing by means of a tunable Fabry–Perot-type interferometer. Continuous tuning is achieved by varying the thickness of the active layer. The device shows a high photostability under direct excitation in the absorption band of the guest molecule, thus, allowing to monitor the optical gain spectrum of the active medium.

Dispersion tomography of an organic photonic-wire microcavity

We investigate the complex mode structure in microcavities with multidimensional optical confinement. Our active material is composed of the organic blend Alq3:DCM, embedded into a microcavity containing arrays of photonic wires, facilitating strong lateral confinement. We directly record the energy dispersion for one k→ vector component while the second lateral k→ component is scanned. Thereby, we obtain a detailed dispersion tomogram of the cavity resonances, showing excellent agreement with our optical model. We are able to exceed the lasing threshold and observe stimulated emission not only from the bottom of the cavity parabola, but also from higher order modes.

Strong optical confinement and multimode emission of organic photonic dots

We report on the optical mode structure of laterally confined organic microcavities. For preparation, an organic semiconductor is evaporated through a mask with square sized holes, resulting in photonic dots with approximately 5μm diameter. Using a microscope setup, we observe a complex mode structure in transmission and photoluminescence. From the mode mapping, we conclude a strong three-dimensional optical confinement. The near and far field spectra are modeled by transfer matrix calculations and a Fourier transform of the internal electric field distribution, respectively.

Photonic confinement in laterally structured metal-organic microcavities

We investigate the formation of optical modes in organic microcavities with an incorporated perforated silver layer. The metal leads to a formation of Tamm-plasmon-polaritons and thus separates the sample into metal-free or metal-containing areas, supporting different resonances. This mode splitting is exploited to confine photons in elliptic holes and triangular cuts, forming distinctive standing wave patterns showing the strong lateral confinement. A comparison with a Maxwell-Bloch based rate equation model clearly shows the nonlinear transition into the lasing regime. The concentration of the electric field density and inhibition of lateral loss channels in turn decreases the lasing threshold by up to one order of magnitude, to 0.1 nJ. By spectroscopic investigation of such a triangular wedge, we observe the transition from the unperturbed cavity state to a strongly confined complex transversal mode. Such a structured silver layer can be utilized in future for charge carrier injection in an electrically driven organic solid state laser.

Selective excitation of laser modes in an organic photonic dot microcavity

We experimentally investigate variable laser mode excitation in an organic photonic dot microcavity by shifting the excitation beam position. The sample comprises two highly reflective dielectric mirrors (R>99.9%) and a square-shaped organic dye mesa of a DCM doped (2 wt %) Alq3-matrix. Its wavelength-size (≈5×5 μm2) transforms the cavity mode dispersion to a set of discrete states, each with a different intensity distribution of the electromagnetic field in space. Numerical simulations, including absorption and gain, confirm the experimentally observed relation between mode distribution and progression on the excitation condition.

Multimode laser emission from laterally confined organic microcavities

Room-temperature multimode laser emission is observed in a microcavity consisting of dielectric mirrors and small-molecular-weight organic photonic dots as a cavity layer. The structure shows simultaneous lasing of a wide variety of transverse modes. A comparison of the laser operating characteristics with those of unpatterned structures shows an enhancement in the spontaneous emission coupling factor by more than two orders of magnitude due to the lateral confinement. The spectral features are in quantitative agreement with calculations of quantized photonic states in three-dimensional optical cavities.

Polarization splitting and terahertz oscillations from a single planar Fabry-Perot microcavity

We report the experimental observation of polarization splitting at normal incidence and terahertz oscillations of transmitted light from a single planar microcavity. Optical anisotropy in the SiO2∕TiO2-dielectric mirrors leads to two perpendicularly polarized transmission modes. We ascribe the anisotropy to oblique columnar structures in the dielectrics resulting from off-axial growth of the microcavity structure. We apply an up-conversion setup for temporally and spectrally resolved measurements and obtain a corresponding beating of 1.25THz. Time resolved measurements yield a cavity photon lifetime of 0.65ps, corresponding to a Q value of 1600. To explain our observations we introduce a Fourier-transform based analytical model.