Vandana Tomar

Rice Equivalent Crop Yield Assessment Using MODIS Sensors’ Based MOD13A1-NDVI Data

This paper analyzes the site-specific infield fertilizer treatments, its application rate discrepancies and crop yield assessment using rice equivalent productivity in terms of their economic potential using MOD13A1-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiomete derived 16 day composite normalized difference vegetation index product, with spatial resolution of 500 m). Soil quality and final crop yield response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers were taken from selected experimental Agri-plots in the part of Kuru region in North India, to calculate site-specific rice equivalent yield (REY) in the crop year of 2005-2006. A 3 × 3 spatial window average pixel reflectance of the NDVI layer at the regional level was used to assess its relationship with contemporaneous cropping systems, such as rice-wheat, rice-sugarcane, and rice-onion in the study area. A robust linear regressive relationship of R2 = 0.69, has been found between site-specific vegetation index values and calculated REY. Inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation method was used to analyze the spatial variability of three major fertilizer nutrients (NPK) response in the study area. The potassium nutrient availability showed high levels of spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that proper fertilizer application ratio with genuine irrigation practices may be used for underpinning of the high crop yield variety acreages. In order to strengthen the crop productivity, we have suggested the diversified triple-based cropping systems with satellite mounted sensor derived NDVI products as a holistic and feasible monitoring approach.

Geospatial Strategy for Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon in Tropical Wildlife Reserve

This study focuses on the estimation of soil organic carbon of Sariska Wildlife Reserve. The soil organic carbon is one of the most important issues in the research area of the global carbon cycle as it is the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Geospatial and various forest inventory approaches were used during study for statistical correlation between estimated and predicted value. Remote sensing plays a vital role in spatial data acquisition of the ecosystem carbon dynamics at local, regional, and global scale. The advantage of remote sensing is that it provides synoptic observation, periodical and continuous measurement, and availability of digital data for processing standardization. IRS P6 LISS III data (September 2012) were used to analyze the precise estimation of the percentage of the soil organic carbon associated with organic matter in soil. Statistical analysis was performed for finding the regression curve between the predicted and estimated value of soil organic carbon. The results illustrated that the determination of coefficient (r2) between the predicted and estimated SOC values is found to be 0.708.

Vigorous Appraisal of Fluoride on Industrial Proponent in Thermal Power Plant over Anthropoid Biosphere Using F − Ion-Selective Electrode

This study was conducted to analyze the impact of fluoride in the anthropogenic condition in an industrial region promoting and affecting the health of the workers. Fluoride is toxic to humans in high concentrations, such as can occur in persons working in fluoride-containing mineral industries like aluminum industries. When workers are exposed to fluoride-containing minerals, they can suffer from a variety of health problems, such as dental disease. This paper presents the relationship of different clinical conditions correlated against the fluoride level. Contributing clinical aspects, such as morbidity, dysentery, overcrowding, and skin disease, are also studied to assess the consequences of fluoride upon consistent exposure. The relationship between pH and hardness of water with fluoride was measured, and then spatial maps were generated. The investigations resulted in a conclusion that hardness of water had a more pronounced impact on the level of fluoride concentration as compared with pH. Water with more hardness contains more fluoride concentration (25 mg/ml) as compared with soft water (4 mg/ml). This paper also revealed the concentration of fluoride content in the bodies of aluminum plant workers, which varied from 0.06 to 0.17 mg/L of blood serum in the case of pot room workers and 0.01 to 0.04 mg/L in the case of non-pot room workers. In fingernails, it varied from 0.09 to 3.77 mg/L and 0.39 to 1.15 mg/L in the case of pot room and non-pot room workers, respectively. In urine, it varied from 0.53 to 9.50 mg/L in pot room workers and 0.29 to 1.80 mg/L in non-pot room workers. This paper concluded that water was safe for drinking purposes if it has a low hardness (60-140 mg/ml) and pH (7.1-7.4).

Geospatial Approach to Assess the Impact of Nutrients on Rice Equivalent Yield Using MODIS Sensors’-Based MOD13Q1-NDVI Data

Crop productivity is a major concern all over the world to provide food security, resulting in the green revolution. It is noteworthy that the fertilizer implemented to farmland leads to more desirable cropping patterns. Utilization of agricultural land efficiently for the crop production requires the knowledge of the nutrient inconsistency. This paper has presented the power of geomatics, to retrieve the synoptic and substantial changes in cropping pattern. Results and interpretations lead to the evaluation of the contemporaneous cropping systems. After a major yield parameter scrutiny for crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane, and onion), the magnificent accelerations were suggested. Results demonstrated a correlation r2 value of 0.834 with the estimated crop yield and normalized difference vegetation index. The Rice Equivalent Yield (REY) is highest at the range of 17-21 t/ha in the North, central and southern lower part, lowest at the western part ranging from 7-12 t/ha, with some part with 12-14 t/ha, while the most of the eastern part of the study site has shown the REY values ranging from 14 to 17 t/ha. The surveyed information, such as pH, electical conductivity, and organic carbon of the soil specimen, was used to examine the spatial discrepancies of rice-based cropping systems productivity. Ultimately, the spatialtemporal maps of fertilization pattern, yield parameters (e.g., N, F, and K), and relational REY observation were illustrated using spatial interpolation.

Modelling spatial variation of fluoride pollutant using geospatial approach in the surrounding environment of an aluminium industries

Contamination by any substance takes place through air, water or soil and causes serious effects on flora and fauna of the regions. Air-transmitted pollutants spread in a faraway place from emission points of the pollutant source via wind (speed and direction as causing factors). Fluoride is one the pollutant generated in aluminium industries which is harmful to human and plants in excess concentration. This study focuses on the use of spatial interpolation methods for assessment of fluoride concentration around aluminium industries. The samples were collected from different test sites in the study area to investigate the fluoride concentration level. The test sites include several locations such as industrial unit, river site, residential and distant villages. Then, the collected samples were used to predict the overall fluoride concentration in the entire study area. The aim of the study was to evaluate the spatial variation and presence of fluoride concentration in the surroundings of the aluminium industries. Geostatistical interpolation modelling was applied to assess the prediction of fluoride contamination for other non-sampling points using the direction and distance method of empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) modelling. Thus, geospatial modelling was used to predict the contamination of fluoride around the study area to create environmental awareness. In particular, this study assesses the fluoride pollutant concentration which might become dangerous with slowly increasing concentration against its standard concentration, which will severely impact the human health. In overall, EBK can provide valuable information regarding the fluoride concentration on possible level of fluoride in concern to public health.