Verônica Schmidt

Estimation of most probable number of Salmonella in minced pork samples.

The quantification of microorganisms present in food samples is an important step to assess the risk to consumers. The number of salmonellae in 20 positive samples of minced pork was determined by the Most Probable Number method. Counts ranging between <3 and 240 cfu.g -1 were found in the analyzed samples.

Esterqueiras: avaliação físico-química e microbiológica do dejeto suíno armazenado

This work evaluated the effectiveness of the storage of pig slurry during 120 days. It was analyzed the decomposition of the organic material, the transformation of nitrogen compound, the phosphorus adsorption and the viability of pathogenic microorganisms in lagoons from three pig breeding farms located at Lajeado Suruvi basin in Concordia - West of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The results showed that the largest removals of organic material happened between 30 and 60 days of storage. In the anaerobic lagoon was not possible to remove nitrogen by nitrification/ denitrification. During the liquid phase was possible to remove orthophosphate but when the orthophosphate was storaged for a long period it seemed it was transferred for the solid phase of the residue. During 120 days of storage it was not possible to reduce total and fecal coliforms MPN; however the remaining values are still high.

Qualidade higiênica de leite caprino por contagem de coliformes e estafilococos

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os padroes higienicos do leite de mistura caprino produzido por oito propriedades associadas a uma cooperativa na regiao do Vale do Taquari - RS. Foram realizadas duas visitas as propriedades durante o periodo de maior producao leiteira. As propriedades foram avaliadas quanto as instalacoes, ao manejo de ordenha e ao armazenamento do leite.Foram coletadas amostras de leite e agua em cada visita. As amostras de agua apresentaram contagem de coliformes dentro dos limites propostos pela legislacao vigente, ja as de leite apresentaram contagens de coliformes totais que variaram de zero a 1,4 x 106UFC mL-1. Em apenas duas propriedades foram encontrados coliformes fecais. Nao foram identificados estafilococos coagulase-positiva nas amostras. Nao foi evidenciada relacao significativa entre os sistemas de resfriamento e ordenha empregados na propriedade e a presenca de coliformes no leite.

Resistência a antimicrobianos de Escherichia coli isolada de dejetos suínos em esterqueiras

The antimicrobial resistance of 96 Escherichia coli strains isolated from a stabilization pond system on a pig-breeding farm was evaluated. Strains were tested for their resistance against 14 antimicrobial using the agar diffusion method. E. coli strains showed resistance to tetracycline (82.3%), nalidixic acid (64%), ampicilin (41%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprin (36%), sulfonamide (34%), cloranphenicol (274%), ciprofloxacin (19%), cefaclor (16%), streptomicyn (7.3%), neomicyn (1%), amoxacilin/ clavulanic acid (1%), and amikacin (1%). No resistance was observed to gentamicin and tobramycin, and 37.5% of E. coli strains were resistant to four or more antimicrobials. The multiresistance pattern was found in strains isolated during all sampled period. Strains showed a high variability in the antimicrobial resistance pattern.

Levantamento sorológico da leptospirose em caprinos leiteiros no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

A serological survey to detect antibodies against Leptospira spp. was conducted on dairy goats serum samples collected from 15 counties on the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Serum samples collected from a total of 354 goats were tested against 12 serological Leptospira serovar, using the microscopic agglutination test. At the time of blood collection, all the animals were clinically examined and no clinical sign suggestive of Leptospirose was observed. The prevalence of positive serum, as determined at dilution of 1:100 or higher, was 3.4%. Agglutinins against three serovar (icterohaemorragiae, pomona and hardjo) were found in positive animals. These findings are suggestive of the presence of Leptospira infection on goats herds grazed on the State of Rio Grande do Sul and also does suggest the presence of more than one serovar on the herds studied.

Sobrevivência e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella sp. isoladas em um sistema de tratamento de dejetos de suínos

The survival of Salmonella sp. in pig slurry submitted to treatment in successive stabilization ponds on a pig-breeding farm was investigated. Furthermore, the isolated Salmonella strains were tested for their resistance against 14 antibiotics, using the agar diffusion method. Of a total of 20 samples taken from different points in the stabilization ponds system, 13 were positive for Salmonella sp. in the beginning and only one at the end of the system. Most of the isolated Salmonella strains (161/163) belonged to sorovar Typhimurium. These strains were resistant to sulfonamide (100%), tetracycline (9.4%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprin (84.5%), ampicillin (76.4%), cloramphenicol (29.2%), streptomycin (90.1%), nalidixic acid (77.6%), tobramycin (13.7%), neomycin (5%), amikacin (3.7%), cefaclor (25.5%), gentamicin (6.2%) and amoxacilin/ clavulanic acid (5%). Most Salmonella Typhimurium strains (94.5%) were resistant to 4 or more antibiotics. The multi-resistance level and the pattern variability of these strains were similar in the beginning and at the end of the stabilization ponds system.

Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli on broiler carcasses after chilling in southern Brazil

Campylobacter jejuniand C. colihave been associated with gastrointestinal disorders in human beings, due mainly to the consumption of chicken meat. Despite control measures for reducing contamination by these bacteria, the detection of Campylobacter in carcasses after chilling remains high.A total of 105 carcasses were assessed by the horizontal detection method in five federally inspected slaughterhouses in southern Brazil in 2012 and in the first three months of 2013. Campylobacterwas isolated in 37.1% of the carcasses, of which 97.5% contained C. jejuni and 2.5% were infected by C. coli. The rate of positive carcasses across the slaughterhouses ranged from 0 to 71.4%. Determining the occurrence of Campylobacteramong flocks is crucial for estimating the microbial load at specific points along the slaughtering process and for minimizing the risk of contamination of end products by Campylobacter.

Caracterização da mastite subclínica em caprinos produzidos em sistema orgânico no Rio Grande do Sul

Milk and derivates are recognized as vehicle of different pathogens for humans. These micoorganisms may manifest as post-milking contamination or as in infections in the animal itself, particularly in mastitis. The aim of present study was characterizes the occurrence of mastitis and management aspects in dairy-goats raised in three farms of organic milk. The correlation between mastitis and goat husbandry was also investigated. The clinical exam of the mammary glands of 64 dairy-goats did not reveal the presence of clinical mastitis. Nevertheless, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) identified 54 (22.7%) reactive mammary halves (+ or ++). From 238 milk samples collected, 37 (15.6%) were positive for bacterial isolates. Coincident positive results for bacterial isolate tests and CMT were observed in only eight samples, which indicate a sensitivity index of 21.6% for the caprine subclinical mastitis diagnosis test. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified as the most frequent pathogen in milk samples (83.8%). The in vitro sensitivity test revealed CNS strains resistant to cotrimoxazole (50%), ampicillin (48.1%), nitrofurantoine (7.7%), cefaclor (7.14%), and oxacilline (3.85%). Cefalotine, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were the most effective drugs. No correlation was observed between the occurrence of subclinical mastitis and race, lactation period, drinking water quality in farms, or milking system as adopted in the present study.

Quantificação de coliformes, Staphylococcus aureus e mesófilos presentes em diferentes etapas da produção de queijo frescal de leite de cabra em laticínios

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic conditions throughout the manufacture process of a goat unripened cheese, using the enumeration of coliforms, S. aureus and aerobic mesofilic bacteria as indicators. The production of three different lots of cheese was followed, being collected samples throughout the processing steps. Furthermore, samples of cheese belonging to the same sampled lot were collected in the shelf of a commercial establishment throughout the shelf life period. Swabs were streaked onto blood agar plates; water samples were submitted to colimetric assays; all other samples were submitted to coliform, S. aureus and aerobic mesofilic bacteria enumeration using routine protocols. It was observed a great decreasing of bacterial counts in the raw milk during the pasteurization process. In spite of that, the transfer of the pasteurized milk to the coagulation tank by an equipment, which was previously in contact with the raw milk and was inadequately disinfected, resulted in the recontamination of the pasteurized milk. The packed cheese had bacterial counts according to the standards imposed by the Brazilian food regulatory agency. However, the high aerobic mesofilic bacteria counts suggest that the good manufactures practices have to be improved in order to guarantee the hygienic quality and an extender shelf life for the cheese.

Detecção de Salmonella Anatum em ema (Rhea americana)

In aiming to investigate the Salmonella spp. presence in one slaughterhouse in Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil, liver and cecum samples from 70 Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) were collected. One Salmonella-like colonie was serologically typed and identified as Salmonella Anatum. Considering the high zoonotical potential of this microorganism, an effective microbiological control of wild animal slaughterhouses and the final product is needed.