Vicente Imbroisi Teixeira

Aspectos agronômicos e bromatológicos de leguminosas forrageiras no Nordeste Brasileiro

EnglishThe aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and bromatologic aspects of nine herbaceous forage legumes. Legumes studied included C. ternatea L., D. heterocarpon (L.) DC. subsp. ovalifolium (Prain) Ohashi cv. Itabela, A. pintoi Krap and Greg. cv. Amarillo, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth, S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Bandeirante, cv. Cook and cv. Mineirao and Stylosanthes macrocephala Ferreira e Sousa Costa cv. Pioneiro. The following response variables were measured: soil cover, plant height, fresh matter production, stand, seed production, FDN, FDA, hemicellulose, lignin, PB and MM concentrations of leaves and stems. Four cuts were performed during the experimental period. Cutting intensities were at the ground level for the first cut and 5 cm for the following cuts. It was used a complete randomized block design with three replications per treatment. C. ternatea showed the greatest fresh matter yield summed along the four cuts (45.6 t/ha/432 d). This same legume showed one of the greatest PB concentrations, both for leaves (27.4%) and for stems (11.5%). At 43 days after transplanting, C. mucunoides showed the greatest soil coverage. During the 432 days of experimental period, the S. guianensis cultivars did not flower, however, C. mucunoides, C. ternatea, and S. macrocephala presented the greatest seed production. A. pintoi, C. ternatea and C. mucunoides showed greater potential for forage production in this region, and with C. ternatea presenting the most promising results in terms of chemical composition. portuguesO trabalho objetivou avaliar aspectos agronomicos e bromatologicos de nove leguminosas forrageiras herbaceas na zona da Mata Seca de Pernambuco. As leguminosas estudadas foram: Calopogonium mucunoides Desv, Clitoria ternatea L., Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. subsp. ovalifolium (Prain) Ohashi cv. Itabela, Arachis pintoi Krap e Greg. cv. Amarillo, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth, Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Bandeirante, cv. Cook e cv. Mineirao e Stylosanthes macrocephala Ferreira e Sousa Costa cv. Pioneiro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variaveis: cobertura do solo, altura da planta, producao de materia verde, stand, relacao folha/caule, producao de sementes, teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, proteina bruta (PB) e materia mineral (MM) das folhas e caules. Foram realizados quatro cortes, sendo utilizada intensidade de 0 cm para o primeiro corte e 5 cm para os demais. O delineamento foi blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes. A maior producao de MV acumulada foi de 45,6 t/ha/432 dias apresentada pela C. ternatea que tambem apresentou um dos maiores teores de PB, tanto para a folha (27,4%) quanto para o caule (11,5%). Aos 43 dias apos o transplantio, o C. mucunoides foi a leguminosa que apresentou a maior porcentagem de solo coberto. Durante o periodo experimental (432 dias) nao foi observado florescimento dos S. guianensis, enquanto que C. mucunoides, C. ternatea e S. macrocephala apresentaram maior potencial de producao de sementes. A. pintoi, C. ternatea e C. mucunoides mostraram grande potencial para producao de forragem nesta regiao, com a C. ternatea apresentando os resultados mais promissores quanto a composicao quimica.

Soil characteristics under legume and non-legume tree canopies in signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens) pastures

Tree canopies can change soil environments. Our study looked at soils 10%, 50%, 100% and 150% the distance from tree trunk to canopy edge of leguminous sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) and espinheiro (Machaerium aculeatum Raddi) and non-legume cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) and jaqueira (Artocarpus integrifolia L.) in a signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) pasture. Composite soil samples were collected from the 0 to 10 cm soil layer. Clay concentration increased (P ≤ 0.05) with distance from tree trunk to full sunlight, whereas CO2 emission, phosphorus, and organic matter from soil collected under tree canopies were inversely proportional (P ≤ 0.05) to distance from the tree trunk. Soil under the canopy of espinheiro had greater (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of exchangeable cations than the non-legume trees. Pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] grown in soils collected under tree canopies had 24% greater (P ≤ 0.05) dry matter (DM) yields than those grown in full sunlight. Soil collected under cajueiro grew 100% greater (P ≤ 0.05) pearl millet DM yields than jaqueira, whereas soil collected under sabiá produced the least (P ≤ 0.05) pearl millet DM. Tree canopy had a positive effect on soil fertility and leguminous tree canopies tended to improve soil properties more than non-legumes.

Características morfológicas e produtivas de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais submetidas a duas frequências de corte

The objective of this research was to evaluate morphological and productive characteristics of forage legumes under two harvest frequencies (28 and 56 days) and 10 cm harvest intensity. The following legume species were evaluated: Arachis pintoi (cv. Amarillo), Clitoria ternatea, Calopogonium mucunoides, Desmodium ovalifolium (cv. Itabela) and Stylosanthes guianensis (cvs. Bandeirante, Cook, Mineirão). A randomized complete design was used in a factorial arrangement (07 legumes × 02 harvest frequencies), with four replications per treatment and the following variables were analyzed: biomass accumulation, number of branches per plant, number of live leaves/plant, root dry matter, nodule number, and nodule matter. Shoot and root dry matter accumulation per unit time was similar for the harvests at every 28 or every 56 days, except for Arachis, Clitoria, and Desmodium, which showed greater shoot and root biomass when harvested every 56 days. Nodule number and nodule mass differed among legumes, but a greater nodule number was observed when the legumes were harvested every 56 days. Live leaf number per plant was greater at 56 days, except for Arachis and Calopogonium which showed similar values for both frequencies. Harvest frequency affected differently the morphologic and productive characteristics of the studied legumes that indicated the need for different management among the varieties tested.The objective of this research was to evaluate morphological and productive characteristics of forage legumes under two harvest frequencies (28 and 56 days) and 10 cm harvest intensity. The following legume species were evaluated: Arachis pintoi (cv. Amarillo), Clitoria ternatea, Calopogonium mucunoides, Desmodium ovalifolium (cv. Itabela) and Stylosanthes guianensis (cvs. Bandeirante, Cook, Mineirao). A randomized complete design was used in a factorial arrangement (07 legumes × 02 harvest frequencies), with four replications per treatment and the following variables were analyzed: biomass accumulation, number of branches per plant, number of live leaves/plant, root dry matter, nodule number, and nodule matter. Shoot and root dry matter accumulation per unit time was similar for the harvests at every 28 or every 56 days, except for Arachis, Clitoria, and Desmodium, which showed greater shoot and root biomass when harvested every 56 days. Nodule number and nodule mass differed among legumes, but a greater nodule number was observed when the legumes were harvested every 56 days. Live leaf number per plant was greater at 56 days, except for Arachis and Calopogonium which showed similar values for both frequencies. Harvest frequency affected differently the morphologic and productive characteristics of the studied legumes that indicated the need for different management among the varieties tested.

MORFOLOGIA E PRODUTIVIDADE DE GENÓTIPOS DE JUREMINHA (Desmanthus spp.) SOB DIFERENTES INTENSIDADES DE CORTE

The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological and productive characteristics of five genotypes of Desmanthus spp. submitted to two cutting intensities (20 and 40 cm), in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Of the genotypes studied, three were derived from ecotypes collected in municipalities of Pernambuco (7G, 31D and 50J) and two were from the state of Sergipe, coming from Australia (10AU and 13AU). Four cuttings were made with a frequency of 60 days. The treatments were randomized in blocks, with split plots and three replications. The variables studied were plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, the number of leaves per branch, LAI, leaf yield, stem yield, pod yield and forage yield, and leaf stem -1 ratio and pod stem ratio. Genotypes 7G and 31D had higher forage yield and a larger number of leaves per branch. Forage yield was higher in the intensity of 20 cm. The cuttings reduced the total yield, stem yield, pods yield and forage yield, of the different genotypes studied. For leaf stem ratio, the genotype 13AU was higher than genotypes 7G and 50J in the cutting intensity of 40 cm. Genotype 10AU had the highest pod stem ratios in the three cuttings. The differences shown between genotypes of Desmanthus spp., especially 7G and 31D, in the intensity of 20 cm, indicate the possibility of selecting promising materials for cultivation in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, with desirable morphological and productive characteristics to the forage plants.

Repetibilidade de variáveis produtivas e qualitativas da forragem e da excreta bovina em pastagem de braquiária

The objective of this work was to determine the repeatability and the number of the required evaluations to obtain determination coefficient greater than 90% in the productive and qualitative variables of forage and cattle excreta on a signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) pasture. The utilized variables were: fecal production, feces mineral composition, herbage mineral composition around dung pads, feces biometry, herbage mass and herbage rejection around dung pads, urinary volume, and urine chemical composition. A fixed rotational stocking was used, with three days of occupation and 32 or 67 days of resting period, during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Repeatability analyzes were obtained with the software Genes, using the principal component method based on the covariance. The repeatability coefficients (r) had high estimates, and the R2 were equal to or greater than 90%, except for herbage mass at 20-40 cm, for the difference between pre-and post-grazing herbage height of herbage grown on dung pad, and for nitrogen concentration in the urine for the treatment with 3,2 animal units per hectare (r<0.50). For R2 above 90%, the number of evaluations required would be 11, 9, and 9, for the variables forage, feces, and urine, respectively.