M. V. F. dos Santos

Aspectos agronômicos e bromatológicos de leguminosas forrageiras no Nordeste Brasileiro

EnglishThe aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and bromatologic aspects of nine herbaceous forage legumes. Legumes studied included C. ternatea L., D. heterocarpon (L.) DC. subsp. ovalifolium (Prain) Ohashi cv. Itabela, A. pintoi Krap and Greg. cv. Amarillo, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth, S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Bandeirante, cv. Cook and cv. Mineirao and Stylosanthes macrocephala Ferreira e Sousa Costa cv. Pioneiro. The following response variables were measured: soil cover, plant height, fresh matter production, stand, seed production, FDN, FDA, hemicellulose, lignin, PB and MM concentrations of leaves and stems. Four cuts were performed during the experimental period. Cutting intensities were at the ground level for the first cut and 5 cm for the following cuts. It was used a complete randomized block design with three replications per treatment. C. ternatea showed the greatest fresh matter yield summed along the four cuts (45.6 t/ha/432 d). This same legume showed one of the greatest PB concentrations, both for leaves (27.4%) and for stems (11.5%). At 43 days after transplanting, C. mucunoides showed the greatest soil coverage. During the 432 days of experimental period, the S. guianensis cultivars did not flower, however, C. mucunoides, C. ternatea, and S. macrocephala presented the greatest seed production. A. pintoi, C. ternatea and C. mucunoides showed greater potential for forage production in this region, and with C. ternatea presenting the most promising results in terms of chemical composition. portuguesO trabalho objetivou avaliar aspectos agronomicos e bromatologicos de nove leguminosas forrageiras herbaceas na zona da Mata Seca de Pernambuco. As leguminosas estudadas foram: Calopogonium mucunoides Desv, Clitoria ternatea L., Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. subsp. ovalifolium (Prain) Ohashi cv. Itabela, Arachis pintoi Krap e Greg. cv. Amarillo, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth, Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Bandeirante, cv. Cook e cv. Mineirao e Stylosanthes macrocephala Ferreira e Sousa Costa cv. Pioneiro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variaveis: cobertura do solo, altura da planta, producao de materia verde, stand, relacao folha/caule, producao de sementes, teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, proteina bruta (PB) e materia mineral (MM) das folhas e caules. Foram realizados quatro cortes, sendo utilizada intensidade de 0 cm para o primeiro corte e 5 cm para os demais. O delineamento foi blocos casualizados com tres repeticoes. A maior producao de MV acumulada foi de 45,6 t/ha/432 dias apresentada pela C. ternatea que tambem apresentou um dos maiores teores de PB, tanto para a folha (27,4%) quanto para o caule (11,5%). Aos 43 dias apos o transplantio, o C. mucunoides foi a leguminosa que apresentou a maior porcentagem de solo coberto. Durante o periodo experimental (432 dias) nao foi observado florescimento dos S. guianensis, enquanto que C. mucunoides, C. ternatea e S. macrocephala apresentaram maior potencial de producao de sementes. A. pintoi, C. ternatea e C. mucunoides mostraram grande potencial para producao de forragem nesta regiao, com a C. ternatea apresentando os resultados mais promissores quanto a composicao quimica.

Caracterização morfológica e química de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia submetida à adubação com P

EnglishMorphological components and chemical composition of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth plants submitted to phosphorus fertilization and at different season were evaluated. The experiment was conducted at the Itambe Experimental Station of Pernambuco Agronomical Institute. Statistical analysis assumed a randomized block design, with split-plot treatment design composed by phosphorus levels (0, 100 and 200 kg of P2O5 per hectare) as main plots and evaluation season (dry and rainy) as split-plots. Experimental area was a sabia woodlot, approximately 13 years old, measuring 0.3 ha with plant spacing of 3.0 x 3.0 m and 210 plants. Each experimental plot comprised one plant surrounded by eight competitive plants, not submitted to the treatments. Morphological evaluations were conducted at six periods, with 60 days interval, when leaves and branches up to 5 mm diameter were collected. Phosphorus effect was observed only for branch length, being 202.1, 193.6 and 173.5 cm for 0, 100 and 200 kg P2O5/ha, respectively. For the remaining variables, effects were only observed for evaluation period, with average values of 195.3 cm, 24.6, 8.8 mm and 3.8 for plant height, branch number and diameter, and thorn number, respectively. Interaction between evaluation period and phosphorus fertilization was observed only for NDF of branches, and both period and phosphorus fertilization on tannin content of branches. portuguesForam avaliados os componentes morfologicas e composicao quimica de plantas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth submetidas a adubacao fosfatada e em diferentes epocas do ano. O experimento foi conduzido na Estacao Experimental de Itambe do Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os niveis de fosforo (0, 100 e 200 kg de P2O5/ha) como parcelas e epoca de avaliacao (seca e chuvosa) como subparcelas. A area experimental foi um bosque de sabia com aproximadamente 13 anos e area de 0,3 ha com espacamento 3,0 x 3,0 m, constituido de 210 plantas. Cada parcela experimental foi representada por uma planta circundada por oito plantas competitivas, que nao receberam os tratamentos. As avaliacoes morfologicas foram realizadas em seis periodos com intervalos de 60 dias, quando foram realizadas coletas de folhas e ramos com diâmetro de ate 5 mm. Observou-se efeito da adubacao fosfatada apenas para comprimento dos ramos, sendo de 202,1; 193,6 e 173,5 cm para 0, 100 e 200 kg P2O5/ha, respectivamente. Para as demais variaveis, observou-se efeito somente do periodo de avaliacao, tendo valores medios de 195,3 cm; 24,6; 8,8 mm e 3,8 para altura, numero de brotacoes, espessura de ramos e numero de aculeos, respectivamente. Observou-se interacao entre periodo de avaliacao e adubacao fosfatada apenas para a FDN dos ramos e efeito tanto do periodo quanto da adubacao fosfatada sobre o teor de tanino nos ramos. A adubacao fosfatada nao influenciou a maioria dos componentes morfologicas e a composicao quimica das plantas de sabia.

Mineral composition of arboreal and bush species occurring in pastures, in Pernambuco-Brazil.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, during the dry and wet seasons the mineral composition of tree and bush species occurring in pasture areas near the cities of Itambe, Caruaru and Serra Talhada in the humid, intermediate, and dry climatic zones of the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Leaves and branches up to 5.0 mm in diameter were collected for the determination of N, P, Mg and K concentrations. Five, 8, and 14 tree and bush species occurred in the pastures of Itambe, Caruaru and Serra Talhada respectively. In Itambe, N content was influenced by species, while P and K contents were affected by species and season. In Caruaru, N, P and K contents were not influenced by season and in Serra Talhada, only P and K contents were influenced by species and season. Chemical composition was generally more adequate in the rainy season

Qualidade do feno de capim-de-raiz (Chloris orthonoton, doell) em pequenos ruminantes

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition, intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, ruminal degradation kinetics of DM and NDF and quantify the nitrogen balance in sheep fed Chloris Orthonoton hay. The experiment was carried out with five sheep with 28.34 kg LW. The hay showed 90.66 % DM, 7.16 % CP and 65.34 % NDF. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and NDF were 52.8, 70.6 and 40.4 %, respectively. The animals showed low dry matter intake (1.4 % of BW), but positive nitrogen balance. Chloris Orthonoton hay when done in flowering stage has a low nutritional value and is not recommended as single source of food for maintenance of sheep.

Harvesting and spacing of forage cactus, intercropped with grain sorghum, in the Agreste region of Pernambuco.

This trial was carried out in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, aiming to study plant spacing and harvest frequencies and intensities of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.). An experimental design in a split plot design was applied, in which plant spacing were used as the main plots and harvest frequencies and intensities as the subplots. Results presented in this work are related to a twelve-year period. The dry matter yields of forage cactus, sorghum grains and stover were: 5.23, 1.65 and 2.07; 4.51, 1.30 and 2.10; 2.75, 1.97 and 3.5 ton/ha/year, for plant spacing 2.0 m x 1.0 m; 3.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.50 m and 7.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.50 m, respectively. Dry matter yield was different between harvest frequencies, when primary articles were conserved: 4.08 ton/ha/year under a four-year cutting frequency and 3.43 ton/ha/year under a two-year frequency. Yield increased with plant growth period, in both cutting intensities. Chemical contents of cactus forage and sorghum stover were little affected by treatments.