Vicente Romo-Perez

Prevalência e fatores associados à percepção negativa da saúde em pessoas idosas no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados a percepcao negativa de saude em idosos brasileiros. METODOS: Estudo de base populacional com delineamento transversal realizado no ano de 2009, em tres cidades do Brasil. A amostra estratificada de forma aleatoria simples foi composta de 909 adultos de 60 a 91 anos. Na identificacao dos fatores associados com a percepcao negativa de saude (PNS), foi realizada analise bruta e mutivariavel por estimativas das Razoes de Prevalencia (RP), por meio da regressao de Poisson; p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia para PNS foi de 49,6%, e apos analise multivariada foi observado associacao para os homens com o aumento da idade RP = 1,03 (IC = 1,01 - 1,06), risco de desnutricao RP = 1,66 (IC = 1,13 - 2,43) e incapacidade funcional RP = 1,79 (IC = 1,21-1,77). Para as mulheres, o uso superior a dois medicamentos RP = 1,41 (IC = 1,13 - 2,52), hipertensao arterial RP = 1,52 (IC = 1,43 - 1,97) e a incapacidade funcional RP = 1,36 (IC = 1,13 - 1,86). CONCLUSOES: Quase a metade dos idosos possuem uma PNS, de maneira que acoes preventivas de diminuicao ao uso de medicamentos e comportamentos que favorecam melhores condicoes nutricionais devem estar atreladas as politicas publicas a promocao da autonomia funcional e do bem-estar dos idosos.

Schoolchildren as life savers: At what age do they become strong enough?

OBJECTIVE It is not clear when schoolchildren become enough strong to perform good quality chest compressions (CC). Our purpose was to assess CC quality in schoolchildren. METHODS 721 children, 10-15 years old (YO) participated in 1 h hands-on training session. Subjects were tested during performing 2 min of continuous CC by means of Laerdal Resusci Anne(®) with Skillreporter(®), without feedback. RESULTS Mean compression depth (MCD) increased with age, from 30.7 mm in 10YO to 42.9 mm in 15YO (p<0.05) and was related to height, weight, and BMI. Boys delivered significantly deeper CC than girls in the 10, 13, 14 and 15YO groups (p<0.001). The percentage of children who achieved the MCD goal (50-60 mm), increased with age, from 0.0% at 10 years to 26.5% at 15 years (p<0.001). Mean compression rate (MCR) ranged from 121 min(-1) in 15YO to 134 min(-1) in 12YO. The percentage of children who achieved a CC rate inside the goal (100-120 min(-1)), ranged from 20.3% in 11YO to 31.0% in 15YO. Correct CC fraction was low and ranged from 2% in the 10YO to 22% in the 15YO (p<0.05). Children older than 13YO obtained better results than younger ones for all analyzed variables (p<0.001). Performance decreased with time: 12% of children achieved >50% of correct CC fraction in first minute, while only 5% did it in second minute (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In schoolchildren, age, sex and anthropometry are significant CPR quality factors. Although quality increases with age, their global performance is poor. Thirteen years is the minimum age to be able to achieve a minimum CPR quality similar to the one adult possess. CPR performance in schoolchildren significantly deteriorates within 60 s.

Effect of physical fatigue on the quality CPR: a water rescue study of lifeguards: Physical fatigue and quality CPR in a water rescue☆

PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the fatigue caused by a water rescue on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance. METHODS The sample of our research is composed of a group of 60 lifeguards (30 men and 30 women) who have been trained at the Universities of A Coruña and Vigo. Two tests were conducted: the first test involved the execution of 5 min of CPR (rested), and the second one in performing water rescue and subsequent CPR (exhausted) for 5 minutes. The quality of the CPR at rest and at fatigue condition was compared. The recording instrument was the Laerdal Resusci Anne manikin. The time of the water rescue was also registered. RESULTS Gender does not significantly influence CPR, either at rest or at fatigue condition. However, the fatigue caused by rescue has a significant influence on the total quantity of chest compressions: rested (380 ± 38.64); exhausted (411 ± 56.09; P < .001) and ventilations: rested (24 ± 2.97); exhausted (26 ± 3.92; P < .001). Also in correct chest compressions: rested (285 ± 82.67); exhausted (246 ± 122.08; P = .02) and ventilations: rested (14 ± 7.09); exhausted (9 ± 6.67; P < .001). As far as the water rescue is concerned, men are faster (261 ± 34.58 s) when compared to women (326 ± 99.87 seconds; P = .001). CONCLUSION The accumulated fatigue during a water rescue performed by lifeguards reduces the quality of chest compressions and ventilations on the CPR.

Physical activity as an indicator of predictive functional disability in elderly

To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.

Atividade física como indicador preditivo para incapacidade funcional em pessoas idosas

To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.To analyze the time spent on physical activity in female and male individuals as a predictor of the absence of functional disability in older adults, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 individuals. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed and compared to areas of physical activity by gender and the absence of functional disability. We identified cutoffs of physical activity (minutes / week) to predict the absence of functional disability (CI 95%). It was found that there is a higher area under the ROC curve for the time spent on physical activities in females. It was observed that 280 minutes / week (women) or 410 minutes / week (men) were the best cutoff points for predicting the absence of functional disability. Time spent on physical activity practices can serve as an important indicator to sort priority groups for certain interventions.

Un análisis crítico sobre las recomendaciones de actividad física en España

OBJECTIVE To identify official documents with recommendations on physical activity published by the autonomous regions of Spain with the goal of evaluating their compliance with the physical activity recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS We conducted a content analysis of 55 documents of the ministries of health of several regional governments containing recommendations on physical activity. RESULTS Eighty-four percent of the autonomous regions in Spain made recommendations on aerobic physical activity and 37% made recommendations on strength training. However, the number of documents consistent with the WHO criteria was as follows: aerobic activity (n=11, 58%), adults (n=10, 53%), the elderly (n=5, 26%), children/adolescents (n=1, 5%); strength training, adults (n=6, 32%), the elderly (n=3, 16%), children/adolescents (n=1, 5%); balance (n=5, 26%); at least 10minutes continuous physical activity (n=6, 32%); recommendation of up to 300minutes per week (n=10, 53%); intensity of physical activity (n=2, 11%). CONCLUSIONS The recommendations of the autonomous regions tend to focus on aerobic physical activity and to under-represent strength training. Moreover, only one autonomous region conforms to the WHO recommendations for physical activity. The regions with higher rates of population aging and a higher percentage of children and adolescents fail to make recommendations on physical activity consistent with the WHO guidelines.

Walking, body mass index, and self-rated health in a representative sample of Spanish adults

Obesity and physical inactivity (PI) are risk factors for chronic diseases and are associated with lifestyle and environmental factors. The study tested the association between PI, body mass index (BMI), and self-rated health in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population (N = 21,486). The sample included 41.5% men, with mean age 52.3 years (± 18.03), and age range 20-82 years. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 34.2%/12.7% in women and 52.1%/12.7% in men (p < 0.001 for obesity in both sexes). 53% of women and 57.5% of men met recommended levels of physical activity by walking (≥ 150 minutes/week). According to logistic regression analysis, individuals that walked less had higher risk of overweight or obesity. Data from the population-based surveillance study support suggestions that regular walking by adults is associated with positive self-rated health and better BMI profile. Obesity and low/very low self-rated health have low prevalence rates to meet the recommendations.Obesidade e inatividade fisica sao fatores de risco para doencas cronicas, estao associadas a estilos de vida e fatores ambientais. O objetivo foi estabelecer a associacao entre inatividade fisica, indice de massa corporal (IMC) e autopercepcao de saude. A amostra representativa da populacao adulta espanhola foi composta por 21.486 participantes, sendo 41.5% homens, media de idade 52,3 anos (± 18,03) e variacao etaria de 20 a 82 anos. A prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidade foi 34,2%/12,7% nas mulheres e 52,1%/12,7% nos homens (p < 0,001 para a obesidade entre os sexos). Dentre os avaliados, 53% das mulheres e 57,5% dos homens atendem aos niveis recomendados de atividade fisica por meio da caminhada (≥ 150 minutos/semana). A analise de regressao logistica mostrou que os que caminham pouco possuem maior risco de estar acima do peso ou serem obesos. Os dados extraidos do estudo de vigilância de base populacional suportam sugestoes que caminhadas regulares em adultos estao associadas a percepcao positiva de saude e melhor perfil de IMC. Obesidade e baixa/muito baixa autopercepcao de saude tem menos prevalentes para atender as recomendacoes.

Prevalencia de la incontinencia urinaria y su relación con el sedentarismo en España

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in the elderly Spanish population of both sexes and identify a possible relationship between physical activity habits and the presence of urinary incontinence in the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used data from 8146 individuals older than 60 years (age range, 60-94 years), from which data from a 15-year cohort were obtained. Of these, 4745 (58.2%) were women and 3401 (41.8%) were men. We analysed the presence of urinary incontinence, physical activity habits and the influence of other variables such as sex, age, weight and body mass index. RESULTS We detected a prevalence of urinary incontinence of 15% for the women and 11.6% for the men. Those with urinary incontinence had a greater average age, weight and body mass index than the healthy participants. At the same time, the patient group with incontinence showed more sedentary habits compared with the healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS A strong relationship was observed between the body mass index and prevalence of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence was also related to attitudinal aspects such as physical inactivity, a behaviour that predisposes the elderly to developing incontinence. For the first time, we observed a reduction in the prevalence of incontinence compared with previous studies.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Functional Limitations during Aging in a Representative Sample of Spanish Population

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence of functional limitations; and to examine associations between Body Mass Index, age, gender and functional limitations, in a Spanish National representative sample. Patients & methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data drawn from all the participants in the 2014 European Health Survey over 65 years old (N = 5,970). Results: Data showed the men had better perceptions of their functional limitations than women. In the four variables analyzed, men reported fewer limitations than women. Body Mass Index, age and gender were significant predictors of functional limitations. Over 90 years, Body Mass Index was a significant predictor of functional limitation for all activities. Conclusions: Women aged 75 years and older and men starting from 90 years showed high difficulty walking, climbing stairs, bending and carrying loads of 5 kilogrames. In fact gender as a much more important predictor of functional limitations than Body Mass Index.

A comparison of three physical activity programs for health and fitness tested with older women: Benefits of aerobic activity, aqua fitness, and strength training

ABSTRACT Inactivity has been associated with decreased quality of life of older people, and many physical activity programs are encouraged. However, the heterogeneity of the different exercise programs available is well recognized. The objective was to compare three physical activity programs (strength training, aqua fitness, and aerobic exercise) to discern the differences in the benefits achieved by each of them in older women over a period of 6 months. For that, a double-blind randomized trial sorted 347 women over 50 years old into three groups of exercise programs; they completed three sessions of evaluation that included the measurement of weight and body mass index and used the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) and SF-12 questionnaire. A t-test for related samples compared the evolution of each group, and ANOVA statistic was used to compare the effect of the different exercise programs. The results showed that women should consider performing aerobic activity up to age 60. After that age, aerobic activity or strength training can provide greater benefits.