Victor B. Cline

The Validity of a Battery of Creativity Tests in a High School Sample

a battery of &dquo;creativity&dquo; tests. A second purpose was to determine the degree to which the criterion variance accounted for by the creativity tests is independent of the criterion variance accounted for by an IQ test. Sample. The sample consisted of 161 students (95 males and 66 females) in a suburban Salt Lake City, Utah high school. These students were selected on the basis of having taken at least two high school science courses, and were in their senior year when the battery of creativity tests was administered. In the data analysis, the two sexes were treated separately. Predictor Variables. For each student in the sample an IQ based

The Relationship between Therapist Behaviors and Outcome for Middle- and Lower-Class Couples in Marital Therapy.

Treated a sample of 77 distressed middle- and lower-class couples by 19 therapists using conjoint therapy. Batteries of tests that assessed marital satisfaction and communications skills were given pre- and posttherapy plus 3 and 6 months later. Couple and therapist therapy behavior were assessed using audio tapes of interview sessions. A variety of sex and social class differences were found that correlated with therapy outcome. The overall thrust of the findings suggests that no one marital therapy technique will be appropriate for the different sexes and with those of different SES backgrounds.

A factor analytic study of the father form of the parental attitude research instrument

AbstractThe father form of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument was administered to a sample of 69 males. Spearman—Brown reliabilities for the 30 scales of this instrument were computed. The range of reliabilities was .29 to .86 with a median of .695, which indicates use of these scales is justified for group comparisons. The 30 scales were intercorrelated and factor analyzed using the procedure based on eigenvalue analysis, and rotated to a final varimax solution. Seven factors were found as follows: I.Authoritarian ControlII.Democratic AttitudesIII.Hostility — RejectionIV.Non-PunishmentV.Independence — Achievement OrientationVI.Male DominanceVII.Seclusiveness The first three of these factors correspond to the three factors found for the mother form of the PARI by previous investigators.

Experimenting with Accelerated Training Programs for Men of Various Intelligence Levels

THE Army’s basic training program affords an exceptional opportunity to study learning under a variety of conditions. The A&dquo;’s are large and control of experimental subjects, training and criterion testing probably cannot be equaled in most civilian agencies, industry or university settings. The material learned ranges from strictly verbal learning to the learning that is principally performance in nature (e.g. learning to assemble and use complex weapons). Previous research by the Human Resources Research Office (Braun, 1955; Findlay, Matyas & Rogge, 1955; Greer, Duryea, Meyers & Palmer, to be reported; Greer & White, 1955; Sheier,

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE SCIENTIST: XX CROSS-VALIDATION OF BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION PREDICTOR KEYS ACROSS DIVERSE SAMPLES OF SCIENTISTS

A study investigating the generalizability of biographical characteristics from physical scientists (NASA) to scientists involved in pharmaceutical research (RMI) was reported. The criterion in both samples was the rated creative performance of the individual scientists. A key developed on over 2,000 (NASA) scientists was applied to the test protocols of 157 (RMI) scientists. The resulting Pearson product-moment correlation was .35 (P < .01). A multiple R of .39 (P < .01) resulted when the NASA Creativity Key was combined with the NASA Off-Line Key (designed to correct for distortion in response). A comparison of the predictive validities of the keys developed within the RMI sample and the NASA keys indicated that the NASA-derived keys were nearly equivalent in their ability to predict the RMI creativity criterion. Cognizance of the fact that, while the cross-predictions were statistically significant, a large portion of the criterion variance remains unaccounted for was made and a possible source of error variance in the criterion was briefly discussed.

Accuracy Components in Person Perception Scores and the Scoring System as an Artifact in Investigations of the Generality of Judging Ability

Cronbach (1955) has proposed that accuracy of person perception scores be divided into several components as follows: Total. Elevation, Differential Elevation, Stereotype Accuracy, and Differential Accuracy. In the present paper, hypothetical items are presented to illustrate the fact that the system used in assigning scores can artifactually reduce the Differential Elevation and Stereotype Accuracy components and in extreme cases cause them to disappear completely. An empirical example is presented in which these artifacts of the scoring system could result in an erroneous conclusion that there is no generality in accuracy of person perception.

Components of accuracy of interpersonal perception scores and the clinical and statistical prediction controversy

SummaryThis study was designed to provide data illustrating a proposed reconceptualization of the clinical and statistical prediction controversy. This reconceptualization is based on a distinction between two components of accuracy scores: Stereotype Accuracy and Interpersonal Accuracy. It was hypothesized that, under the conditions of this experiment, statistical prediction is superior on Stereotype Accuracy but that clinical prediction is superior on Interpersonal Accuracy. These hypotheses were tested using 56 college student Ss, who made predictions about six standard persons presented by means of sound-color movies of an interview situation. The data obtained in this study substantiate both hypotheses.

Factor Analysis of Self Ratings, Teacher Ratings, and Indices of Achievement in High School Science

IN RECENT YEARS, under the impact of competition with Russia, increasing emphasis has been placed on the importance of scientific edu cation. As a result of this emphasis, it has become clear that much additional information is needed about the dimensions and correlates of high achievement in the science curriculum. At the same time, it is highly important that potential scientists be identified as early as possible, and certainly no later than the senior year in high school. The purpose of this study, then is to explore the factor structure of various indices of achieve ment in high school science and also self and teacher ratings of characteristics which presum ably are related to such achievement.

Use of a Biographical Information Blank in the Prediction of Achievement in High School Science

Because of the more and more difficult problems facing our society (e.g., international tensions and the population explosion), it is becoming increasingly important to discover persons with high potential for science at as early an age as possible. Since performance in science has been shown to be quite complex (Taylor et al., 1963), it is also quite important to explore a variety of techniques for identifying scientific talent. One such technique which has shown considerable promise in adult scientists, is the biographical information blank. Using a variety of criteria of the creativity and productivity of scientists, Ellison and Taylor (1962) have obtained original validities for empirically derived biographical blank keys ranging from the 70’s to the 90’s, and cross-validities ranging from the 40’s to the 60’s. The purpose of the present research was to determine whether or not similar relationships exist between a biographical information blank and four indices of achievement in high school science. The basic procedure was to determine which specific biographical items correlated with each of these indices, and from this information to develop empirical keys for predicting each index or criterion. Since there is no doubt that such a procedure produces very high correlations if the key is &dquo;validated&dquo; on the same group