Victor S. Muhandiki

Removal of Hydrophobic Micro-Organic Pollutants from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents by Sorption onto Synthetic Polymeric Adsorbents: Batch Sorption Experiments

The use of a synthetic form polymer, polypropylene, as a sorbent for hydrophobic organic compounds present in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent was investigated. To enhance the sorption capacity of polypropylene for hydrophobic organic compounds, polypropylene was coated with a thin layer of n-hexane. Sorption of target compounds onto polypropylene and polypropylene coated with n-hexane was evaluated by carrying out equilibrium and kinetic batch experiments. Three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely, phenanthrene, fluorene and naphthalene, were selected as representative hydrophobic organic compounds for experimental purposes. The effect of pH, ionic strength and dissolved organic matter on sorption was investigated. The results showed that polypropylene coated with n-hexane performed better than polypropylene as a sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in terms of sorption capacity and sorption kinetics. Ionic strength and pH did not have a significant effect on the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Dissolved organic matter in the form of humic acid did not sorb onto polypropylene or polypropylene coated with n-hexane, and the presence of dissolved organic matter in the aqueous phase did not significantly affect sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

DEVELOPMENT OF EVALUATION METHODS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF ODA WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS: PHILIPPINES CASE STUDY

近年, ODAの質の向上及び説明責任の確保のため, ODA評価の重要性が再認識されている.本研究は各援助機関で重要視されている水供給プロジェクトについて, DAC評価5項目の自立発展性に関する評価手法を持続性と発展性の2側面から提案する. これまで, 自立発展性は援助終了後プロジェクトで発現した効果が持続するかの持続性の側面として位置付けられてきた. しかし, ODAは発展途上国の自立を促す役割も果たすべきであり, 事業が新たな展開を遂げるポテンシャルを有するかの発展性の側面も盛り込むべきである. フィリピンの地方都市にて, 受益者に対するアンケート, 関係者に対するインタビュー, 水源から水栓までの施設調査および水質分析, 検針水量データ収集を行った. その調査結果を踏まえ, 自立発展性評価手法を検討し, 手法の適用可能性を検討した.