Viktor Pukhkal

The Use of Decentralized Ventilation Systems with Heat Recovery in the Historical Buildings of St. Petersburg

Historic apartment buildings in Saint-Petersburg no longer meet today’s energy efficiency standards and need upgrading to achieve lower energy-consumption. The possibilities to upgrade old buildings – historic and cultural monuments – are initially limited. A controlled heat recovery ventilation system is considered to be an integral part of energy efficient building. Provided engineering facilities of a building are updated and reequipped energy performance increases without any impact on building exteriors. Different types of decentralized intake and exhaust ventilation systems with heat recovery based on various types of heat exchangers are considered in a detailed way.

Central Ventilation System with Heat Recovery as One of the Measures to Upgrade Energy Efficiency of Historic Buildings

Improving thermal shield in buildings and reducing energy consumption have become major problems to be solved for the recent decades. Natural ventilation accounts for nearly half of heat losses in existing buildings. A controlled heat recovery ventilation system makes it possible to reduce irrational heat losses and improve microclimatic comfort. A typical historic residential apartment building constructed before industrial times in Saint-Petersburg is subject of this article. Options of centralized controlled heat recovery ventilation systems for old historic apartment buildings in Saint-Petersburg are suggested in this article.

Decentralized Ventilation Systems with Exhaust Air Heat Recovery in the Case of Residential Buildings

Decentralized ventilation systems applied in residential buildings are generalized in this article. Basic system elements and devices and tools assigned for its application are considered herein. Basic requirements for design of the ventilation systems used in residential buildings are stipulated.

Centralized Natural Exhaust Ventilation Systems Use in Multi-Story Residential Buildings

An analysis of the schemes related to centralized exhaust ventilation systems used in multi-story residential buildings with ventilation units has been made herein. Main disadvantages of such systems have been determined. An aerodynamic scheme of a system with implementation options has been suggested. Calculation method for the systems has been developed

Optimization of Microclimate in Residential Buildings

Nowadays it is possible to reduce energy consumption without losing comfort as a result of using efficient energy saving technologies and advanced environment control methods for buildings. One of the measures to improve energy performance of buildings can be installation of decentralized air intake and exhaust mechanical ventilation systems with plate heat exchangers in apartments making it possible to «return» up to 85% of thermal energy. The article deals with the decentralized system controlled ventilation with heat recovery and alternative solutions heating supply air in residential buildings.

Development of the Ventilation System in Historical Buildings of St. Petersburg

The article presents an analysis of the primary technologies used to arrange air ventilation systems in residential buildings in Saint-Petersburg during the late 18th and early 20th centuries. The historic buildings construction and engineering systems is indisputable interest and can be subject to conservation of historic buildings in addition to conservation of architectural facades. The article analyzed historical techniques ventilation device in conjunction with the heating system.

Uses of Glass in Architecture: Heat Losses of Buildings Based on Translucent Structures

At present time translucent structures have appeared to be the most crucial issues regarding building envelopes in relation to high heat losses in the cold periods of the year. Development of the methods to improve thermal properties of translucent structures is considered to be an up-to-date issue. Heat losses of exhibition halls with varied dimensions ratio and energy consumption of heating systems have been determined for the case of the city of Saint-Petersburg (Russia)

Calculated heat-and-technical indicators of brick external walls of the historical residential buildings

The analysis of the external brick walls structures of the historical residential buildings (constructions of XIX century and the beginnings of the 20th century) in St. Petersburg is carried out. The heat-and-technical indicators (coefficient of heat conductivity of brick and coefficient of the heat transfer of external brick walls) are defined. That is established that the use of modern norms of design is possible. The obtained data allow to carry out some heat-and-technical and moist calculations during designing of heating systems as well during the development of measures for energy saving.

Exhibition Pavilions Car Showrooms Based on Translucent Structures: Providing Microclimatic Comfort for Clients

Transition to a new approach related to use of facades and roofs entirely made of glass in pavilions car showrooms construction called for an additional analysis to evaluate an issue of how to ensure an interior climate. There was a need to have solutions generalized and systematized with the aim to ensure human comfort in pavilions with large glazed areas in facades and roofs. Exhibition pavilions car showrooms based on translucent structures were taken for consideration. General data concerning temperature conditions for the rooms and internal glazing surfaces of pavilions car showrooms based on translucent structures are stated herein. Pertinent information for glazing design is given with due account for winter maintenance conditions in regard to the pavilions car showrooms having significant areas of façade or roof glazing.

Glazing Design for Exhibition Pavilions Based on Translucent Structures under Winter Conditions during Cold Periods

Transition to a new approach related to use of facades and roofs entirely made of glass in building construction called for an additional analysis to evaluate an issue of how to ensure an interior climate. In the article have been investigated the factors, which make people feel uncomfortable in the pavilions with large glazing areas: cold air flow near glazing area, which occurs on the cold surfaces of the windows, going down and along the floor, radiation heat exchange between human beings and building envelopes, condensation on internal glazing surfaces.