Vinicius A. Bertaco

Two new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from eastern Brazil, with a synopsis of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex

Two new species of Astyanax are described from eastern Brazil: A . microschemos from the corrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Espirito Santo, and A . pelecus from the rio Pardo drainage, Bahia. Astyanax microschemos differs from its congeners by its shallower body depth, 26.9-29.7% of standard length, the presence of one vertically elongate humeral spot that extend above and below the lateral line, smaller interorbital width, 26.9-30.4% of head length, and the possession of 14-18 branched anal-fin rays. Astyanax pelecus differs from its congeners in the possession of only one humeral spot limited to the region dorsal to the lateral line, conspicuous, dark, midlateral body stripe extending from the upper margin of the opercle to the caudal-fin base, a shallower body depth, 26.7-34.8% of standard length, and the possession of 16-18 branched anal-fin rays, 38-39 scales in the lateral-line series, and four scales between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin origin. Astyanax microschemos has a massive head, short snout, usually smaller than the orbital diameter, shallow body depth, and vertically-elongate humeral spot that serve to include it in the A . scabripinnis species complex. A comparative synopsis of this complex is provided.

Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, Central Brazil

Two new species of Hyphessobrycon are described from the upper rio Tapajos basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of a conspicuous longitudinal broad black band beginning on the posterior margin of orbit and reaching the tip of middle caudal fin rays, a distinct vertically elongate humeral spot, and 16 to 18 branched anal-fin rays. Hyphessobrycon notidanos is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of an elongate dorsal fin in mature males, a vertically elongate humeral spot, 2-4 maxillary teeth, iii,8 dorsal-fin rays, and 16 to 21 branched anal-fin rays.

A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper rio Tocantins drainage, with bony hooks on fins

A new species of characid, Hyphessobrycon hamatus, is described from the upper rio Tocantins, Goias, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hyphessobrycon species by the presence of bony hooks on dorsal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins of males, the two black humeral spots, the 4 or 5 teeth in the inner series of the premaxilla, a maxilla with 2-3 teeth, the iii-v, 16-18 anal-fin rays, and a lateral line with 10-32 perforated scales and 33-35 scales in a longitudinal series.

A new characid fish, Hyphessobryconhexastichos (Characiformes: Characidae) from Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil

A new characid species, Hyphessobrycon hexastichos, is described from the upper rio Tapajos, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hyphessobrycon species by the presence of black zigzag longitudinal lines between longitudinal rows of scales in the lateral of body, maxilla with 3-5 teeth, i,6 pelvic-fin rays, 18-22 branched anal-fin rays, 4 scale rows above and 3 scale rows below of lateral line, lateral line with 9-13 perforated scales, and 33-35 scales in a longitudinal series.

A new species of Hemibrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the río Ucayali drainage, Sierra del Divisor, Peru

A new characid species, Hemibrycon divisorensis, is described from the rio Ucayali drainage, Loreto, Peru. The new species is distinguished from all Hemibrycon species by the presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-fin rays 9 to 12-13 (except from H. surinamensis), and a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle extending from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base. Furthermore, it is distinguished from most species of the genus by the number of scale rows below the lateral line (4-5 vs 5-9), except H. jabonero, H. microformaa, H. orcesi, and H. surinamensis. It differs from these species by scale and fin ray counts and color pattern. The lack of a supraorbital in Hemibrycon species is discussed and confirmed. Uma nova especie de caracideo, Hemibrycon divisorensis, e descrita para a bacia do rio Ucayali, Loreto, Peru. A nova especie distingue-se das demais especies de Hemibrycon pela presenca de uma ampla mancha preta assimetrica na base dos raios da nadadeira caudal estendida ate a extremidade dos raios 9 a 12 ou 13 (exceto de H. surinamensis), e de uma faixa preta na metade inferior do pedunculo caudal desde a regiao acima dos ultimos raios da nadadeira anal ate a base da nadadeira caudal. Ela distingue-se da maioria das especies do genero pelo numero de escamas abaixo da linha lateral (4-5 vs 5-9), exceto de H. jabonero, H. microformaa, H. orcesi e H. surinamensis. Ela difere destas especies pela contagem de escamas, raios das nadadeiras e colorido padrao. Discute-se e confirma-se a ausencia do osso supraorbital em Hemibrycon.

Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

Three new species of Astyanax are described from southern Brazil: A. dissensus and A. xiru from the laguna dos Patos system and rio Uruguay basin, the first species also occurring in the rio Tramandai system, and A. procerus from the laguna dos Patos system. Astyanax procerus and A. xiru possess outer row premaxillary teeth pentacuspid and inner row heptacuspid, maxillary with one tri- to pentacuspid teeth, 18-23 branched anal-fin rays, and two humeral spots. Astyanax procerus has the largest body depth (38.3-46.0% of SL), while A. xiru has the lowest body depth (32.5-37.5% of SL) among the three species. The characters combination can distinguish these species from its congeners. Astyanax dissensus distinguish from Astyanax species by the presence of one developed heptacuspid teeth on maxillary, 22-28 branched anal-fin rays, 35-39 perforated scales along the lateral line, two humeral spots, conspicuous lateral band continuous on middle caudal rays, 6-7 scale row between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, and head length 22.7-27.3% of SL. All three species has the predorsal region of the body scaled. An identification key to the species of Astyanax species from the rio Uruguay basin, and laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandai systems is provided.

New Hyphessobrycon from the upper rio Pardo drainage in eastern Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

A new species of characid, Hyphessobrycon vinaceus, is described from the upper rio Pardo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hyphessobrycon species by the combination of the following characters: the body red or reddish pigmented in live specimens, an anterior and conspicuous vertically elongate black humeral spot followed by a second faint humeral spot, 5 teeth in the inner series of premaxilla, maxilla with 2-3 pentacuspidate teeth, 15-17 branched analfin rays, 4-5 scale rows above and 3-4 scale rows below lateral line, lateral line with 10-26 perforated scales, 32-34 scales in a longitudinal series, and by a smaller head length in relation to standard length (23.9-26.7%). Uma nova especie de caracideo, Hyphessobrycon vinaceus e descrita para o alto rio Pardo, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A nova especie distingue-se das demais especies de Hyphessobrycon pela combinacao dos seguintes caracteres: coloracao avermelhada do corpo em vida, uma mancha umeral preta e conspicua verticalmente alongada seguida de uma segunda mancha umeral fracamente pigmentada, 5 dentes na serie interna do pre-maxilar, 2-3 dentes pentacuspidados no maxilar, 15-17 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, 4-5 escamas acima e 3-4 escamas abaixo da linha lateral, 10-26 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, 32-34 escamas em uma serie longitudinal e menor comprimento da cabeca em relacao ao comprimento padrao (23,9-26,7%).

Astyanaxelachylepis, a new characid fish from the rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae)

A new characid species, Astyanax elachylepis, is described from the rio Tocantins drainage. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by possessing 48-53 perforated scales along the lateral line, a large caudal-peduncle spot, the presence of bony hooks on dorsal, anal, pelvic, and pectoral fins of males, one or two vertically-elongated humeral spots, one maxillary tooth, and 22-27 branched anal-fin rays.

A new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the rio Uruguay drainage, Brazil

A new pseudopimelodid catfish, Microglanis malabarbai, is described from the rio Ijui drainage, tributary of the middle rio Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Microglanis species by the caudal fin color pattern, almost completely black, with a narrow vertical white band across central portions of the caudal-fin rays. Furthermore, it is distinguished from M. cottoides and M. eurystoma, both from rio Uruguay drainage, by head length, maxillary barbel length, internareal distance, and number of lateral-line pores, and from M. cibelae from the coastal drainages of northern Rio Grande do Sul and southern Santa Catarina states, by head length, maxillary barbel length, and body width. A key is presented for the species of Microglanis occurring in southern Brazil.

A New Species of Hasemania from the Upper Rio Tapajós Drainage, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

Abstract A new characid species, Hasemania nambiquara, is described from the upper Rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hasemania by the unique presence of one vertically-elongate black humeral spot and a broad horizontal black band ventral to midlateral line between humeral region and caudal fin.