Vinicius Ricardo Cuña de Souza

Glicemia e concentrações séricas de insulina, triglicérides e cortisol em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador após exercício físico

The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of physical exercise of submaximal intensity (marcha gait) on biochemical variables used for the evaluation of energetic metabolism in Mangalarga Marchador horses trained in Espirito Santo, Brazil. Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 15 horses in four different moments: before (T0), 5 minutes (T1), 30 minutes (T2) and 2 hours (T3) after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed exercise did not influence plasmatic glucose, with mean values of 117.1±5.8g/dL, 122.6±59.6mg/dL, 124.8±48.6mg/dL and 112.9±49.1mg/dL, and serum insuline, with median values of 6.50mUI/mL, 2.00mUI/mL, 5.85mUI/mL and 11.60mUI/mL, respectively on the moments T0, T1, T2 and T3. Differently, it was possible to observe a positive influence of the exercise over serum triglycerides, with mean values of 25.4±14.9mg/dL, 42.3±17.8mg/dL, 31.4±17.7mg/dL and 25.1±15.1mg/dL, and serum cortisol, with mean values of 7.46±4.37mg/dL, 12.45±3.08mg/dL, 11.40±2.52mg/dL and 6.89±1.78mg/dL, respectively on the moments T0, T1, T2 and T3. It was possible to conclude that the marcha gait leaded to an elevation of serum triglycerides and cortisol levels. Also, as the values found were within reference levels, it was possible to conclude that the horses were used to this physical activity imposed on the occasion.

Effect of a Marcha Field Test on Some Blood and Electrocardiographic Parameters of Mules

Abstract Little research has been carried out monitoring fitness of mules. Therefore, there is a need to define fitness indices for such species that is commonly used for work and athletic purposes under tropical conditions. The objectives were to evaluate the influence of a field marcha test on some blood and electrocardiographic parameters of mules. Ten Pêga mules, 4.7 ± 1.3 year old and 405.7 ± 35.7 kg were used in the study. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and blood sampling were obtained before (T0) and immediately after exercise (T1), and at 30 minutes (T2) and 120 minutes (T3) of recovery. Blood analysis included erythrogram, leukogram, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), total protein, triglycerides, plasma lactate, and glucose. Electrocardiographic variables (measurement of P, R, and T wave amplitudes, in mV, and duration, in ms, of P wave, QRS complex, PR and QT intervals, heart rate and rhythm) were analyzed at T0, T1, and T2. All variables were analyzed for normality through Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and comparisons were made using the Tukey test, considering P ≤ .05. Exercise testing significantly altered physiological and blood parameters, with higher values recorded at T1, except for CK, total protein, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and monocytes and eosinophils count. Sinus rhythm occurred in 100.0% of mules at all evaluation periods. Electrocardiogram records showed a significant increase in HR in T1. Other findings included significant reductions in T1 for QRS durations and PR and QT intervals, and significant increase in T2 for P wave amplitude. It was possible to conclude that the marcha gait led to important alterations physically well‐conditioned mules and results differed in several aspects from values recorded for donkeys and equines, reinforcing the importance of obtaining specific values avoiding invalid comparisons between equids. HighlightsBrand new research evaluating electrocardiogram and blood parameters of trained mules.No research studies have been performed with mules used for athletic purposes in Brazil.Comparisons between mules and horses are not valid.Electrocardiographic and blood alterations were observed after exercise.Results can be used on the evaluation of mules trained in tropical conditions.

Efeitos do uso tópico do óleo de andiroba puro e ozonizado em feridas induzidas em cavalos

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and histopathological aspects of topical application of pure and ozonized andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) on the healing process of wounds in healthy horses. Eight 6.25 cm2 wounds were surgically produced on each horse, from the cranial region to the sacrum, being four wounds on each side of the lumbar region. In three animals, left side was used for macroscopic observations and area measurement and right side was used for histopathological analysis. For the other two animals, evaluations were inverted. The beginning of the topical treatment occurred 12 hours after surgical induction of the injuries and was maintained daily until complete healing of the wounds, using saline solution (GC), ozonized saline solution (GO) sequentially and bilaterally in the craniocaudal direction, pure andiroba oil (GAP) and ozonized andiroba oil (GAO). Randomly, the sequence of the treatments was modified. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. The time for complete healing of all wounds was recorded. A wound contraction of 67.75% for GC, 65.26% for GO, 67.91% for GAP, and 69.84% for GAO were recorded. Histopathologic evaluation revealed that wounds from the GAO and GAP had an advanced epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, moderate vascular proliferation, and presence of PMN infiltrate and discrete viewing of MN. It was possible to conclude that all treatments had benefits when comparing to control group, concluding that both pure and ozonized andiroba oil may be good options for treating wounds in horses.

Avaliação da aplicação tópica do óleo de caule de alméscar (Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand) em feridas cutâneas experimentalmente induzidas em ratos

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and histopathological aspects of topical application of almescar (Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand) oil resin on the healing processes of experimentally induced wounds in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Male rats (n=16) were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: group treated with almescar oil resin at 0.5% in isotonic solution (GO, n=8) and control group (CG, n=8). The experimental lesions were treated daily for 30 days. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. A wound contraction of 94.77% was recorded for GO and 93.91% 21 days after the lesion. The chemical constituents identified in the essential oil were predominantly monoterpenes, α-terpinolene (32.7%), limonene (22.0%) and 3-carene (15.0%) were identified as major components. Wounds in both groups had a significant reduction in the wound area during the trial period (p <.0001). Comparing the groups in different stages of evaluation, there were significant differences on day 3 (p = 0.0268), day 7 (p = 0.0031) and day 14 (p = .0190). In conclusion, the topical application of almescar resin oil was beneficial in the healing process of experimentally induced skin wounds in rats, making it a therapeutic option in veterinary medicine.