Vinod K. Dhawan

Chemoprophylaxis of Anaerobic Pulmonary Infections

Chemoprophylaxis of anaerobic pulmonary infection due to aspiration was studied in a rabbit model with the view of comparing the efficacy of procaine penicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycl

In vitro activity of cefmenoxime, cefotaxime, latamoxef, cefazolin, nafcillin and vancomycin against 53 endocarditis and bacteremic strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Antistaphylococcal activity of newer beta-lactam antibiotics, cefmenoxime, cefotaxime and latamoxef was compared with that of the more conventional antistaphylococcal agents, nafcillin, cefazolin and vancomycin. 53 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 40 from patients with endocarditis and 13 from patients with bacteremia from other causes were tested in vitro against each antibiotic using agar dilution methods. Minimal concentration of antibiotic to inhibit 90% of strains tested was 2 micrograms/ml for cefmenoxime and cefotaxime, 8 micrograms/ml for latamoxef and only 0.5 microgram/ml for nafcillin, cefazolin and vancomycin. The newer beta-lactam antibiotics may not be preferred to nafcillin, cefazolin or vancomycin in the treatment of serious staphylococcal infections.

In vitro Activity of BU-2313B Against Anaerobic Bacteria

The antimicrobial efficacy of BU-2313B, a new antibiotic, was evaluated in comparison with clindamycin, chloramphenicol and cefoxitin against 265 clinical anaerobic isolates. BU-2313B inhibited 88% of 66 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis tested at 2 micrograms/ml, whereas clindamycin, chloramphenicol and cefoxitin inhibited 98, 97 and 92% of them at 2, 8 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively. BU-2313B was severalfold more effective than chloramphenicol and cefoxitin, but it was eight times less effective than clindamycin.