Virgínia Kastrup

O funcionamento da atenção no trabalho do cartógrafo

RESUMO: A cartografia e um metodo proposto por G. Deleuze e F. Guattari e que vem sendo utilizado em pesquisasde campo voltadas para o estudo da subjetividade. Adotando uma perspectiva construtivista, o artig o aborda o problemado funcionamento da atencao na etapa inicial do trabalho do cartografo. Baseia-se nos conceitos de atencao flutuantede S. Freud, de reconhecimento atento de H. Bergson e nas contribuicoes da vertente fenomenologica das cienciascognitivas contemporâneas. A atencao cartografica e definida como concentrada e aberta, caracterizando-se por quatrovariedades: o rastreio, o toque, o pouso e o reconhecimento atento.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cartografia; atencao; producao de subjetividade; pesquisa de campo.THE FUNCTIONING OF ATTENTION IN THE WORK OF THE CARTOGRAPHERABSTRACT: Cartography is a method proposed by G. Deleuze and F. Guattari w hich has been used in field researchesin the context of subjectivity studies. Embracing a constructivist perspective, this article approaches the issue of thefunctioning of attention in the initial stage of cartographer’s task. It is based on the concepts of free floating attention byS. Freud, attentive recognition by H. Bergson and on contributions from some phenomenological works of contem-porary cognitive sciences. Cartographic attention is defined as being concentrated and opened, and it is characterizedby four varieties: tracing, touch, landing and attentive recognition.KEYWORDS: cartography; attention; production of subjectivity; field research.

A apredizagem da atenção na cognição inventiva

The learning of attention is the problem this article is concerned with, assuming the notion of cognition as invention (KASTRUP, 1999). Within the context of contemporary cognitive sciences, we examine the investigations in which attention is conceived as the background of variation of cognition, rather than its manifestation as an act of paying attention. We analyze the relationship between attention and learning in the practice of becoming aware, as proposed by Depraz, Varela and Vermersch (2003), which includes the suspension of natural attitude, the redirection of attention to oneself, and modification in the quality of attention, which then, becomes an act of finding the virtual self, instead of an act of searching for information. The learning of attention is analyzed through a logic that is circular, temporal and collective. The differences between distraction and dispersiveness, and between concentration and focusing are discussed in relation to their role in inventive cognition.

O conceito de coletivo como superação da dicotomia indivíduo-sociedade

According to the modernistic project, the individual and society have been defined as natural and polarizing entities pre-existing their own interaction. From this perspective, with its implied dichotomizing logic, the collective is identified as the social. Drawing on the concepts of practice by Paul Veyne, of molar and molecular by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and of actor-network by Bruno Latour, Michael Callon and John Law, this article proposes a new concept of the collective, defined as a plane of co-engenderment of the individual and society.

Aprendizagem, arte e invenção

O texto aborda o tema da aprendizagem, usando como referencia as contribuicoes de Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari. O objetivo e, tomando como ponto de vista a arte e a invencao, revisitar temas psicologicos classicos como o habito, a habilidade e a imitacao. O texto sugere o mecanismo da circularidade criadora como chave para o entendimento do processo de aprendizagem inventiva.

Cartografar é traçar um plano comum

The research field on the production of subjectivity faces the problem of building knowledge that involves researchers and the researched ones, with their unique territories and semiotics. Questions about the participants’ empowerment arise, as well as how to trace a common plan with them, in order to warrant the participative character of research. Within the context of the cartographic method, the present paper aims at dealing with the theme of common in a double aspect. Firstly, the access to the common plan is discussed. Based on Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, such plan is not homogeneous nor gathers actors who would keep amid each other identity relationships. Instead, it operates communication between singularities, being pre-individual and collective. Secondly, it points out that while intervention-research, cartography commits to create a common and heterogeneous world. The article points out that tracing the common has the transversality as a methodological guideline, and it examines the procedures of participation, inclusion and translation.

Atenção a si: da auto-observação à autoprodução

Attention is usually investigated as a process toward the outside world. In the last twenty years has increased in the cognitive sciences interest for first person methodologies to investigate the experience. The increasing use of such methodologies has placed the problem of how to activate and mobilize inward attention, by accessing what is presented as experience. From the enactive approach of Francisco Varela, the article aims to discuss how the deployment of inward attention depends on how it is embodied in a context and situation. With the enactive approach, we broaden the notion of attention and conclude that attention turned inward is not just a process of self-observation, but may be a process of self-production.

Práticas de estudo contemporâneas e a aprendizagem da atenção

O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a aprendizagem da atencao nas praticas de estudo dos estudantes de psicologia na contemporaneidade. Ao inves de apresentar as transformacoes em relacao as praticas tradicionais em termos de deficit ou de falta, procuramos investigar algumas das novas formacoes subjetivas/cognitivas que vem surgindo, sobretudo em funcao do acoplamento com as novas tecnologias. Buscamos desenhar uma cartografia da cognicao contemporânea realizando entrevistas com estudantes de psicologia do municipio do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando a tecnica da explicitacao. A presenca do computador-internet nas praticas de estudo, ao fazer parte do cotidiano desses estudantes, concorre por um lado para a producao de uma atencao saltitante e sem ritmo que se desdobra numa atencao suficiente e numa atencao dividida. Por outro lado, ha indicios do surgimento de uma politica cognitiva curiosa e desejosa de saber, que pode gerar diferentes resultados.

O lado de dentro da experiência: atenção a si mesmo e produção de subjetividade numa oficina de cerâmica para pessoas com deficiência visual adquirida

People who suffer from the lack of sight are confronted with their cognitive system reorganization need and the reorganization of their lives. This text aims at discussing the effects of working with clay, analyzing both sides of people who suffer from acquired sight deficiency in relation to attentional functioning: the attention to clay and the attention to oneself during the creating process. The main references are the work of J. Dewey about the aesthetic experience, the work of G. Simondon about the individuation process and the work of F. Varela and S. Weil about attention. The text results from a research that took place in the Benjamin Constant Institute, in Rio de Janeiro. Clay is analyzed according to its characteristics of malleability, temporality and unpredictability. The artistic expression effects in the subjectivity production and in the reinvention of the sight deficient people existential territory are analyzed having in mind the concept of inventive cognition

Leitura de acolhimento: uma experiência de devir consciente

This work discusses the experience of reading literature in silence and solitude, focusing its effects on the reader. The starting point is the enlargement of cognition as presented in Varelas enactive approach and the concept of inventive cognition as formulated by Kastrup. Then, it proposes the reading as an experience of becoming aware. The work is also based on Chartiers ideas about reading practices and uses the theory of Larrosa regarding the transformative aspect of reading as well. The idea that reading literature provides a meeting with otherness is developed. It may constitute an opening for the unknown and an opportunity of inventing oneself.

Audiodescrição de filmes: experiência, objetividade e acessibilidade cultural

The aim of this paper is to propose guidelines for audio description, taking into account cognitive peculiarities, as well as social and political factors of people with visual impairment. The paper discusses the experience of watching a movie and analyses the problem of familiarity with the cinema, with the narrative of each film and with the technique of audio description itself. The challenge is to create favorable conditions for the promotion of cognitive, affective and emotional experience that the film offers. It also aims to examine the problem of objectivity and other parameters of audio description, suggesting some guidelines for its development in Brazil.