Vivek Kumar Adlakha

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a benign reactive lesion of gingiva. It manifests as a firm, soft, bright nodule or as a sessile or pedunculate mass. This article reports the management of peripheral giant cell granuloma in a 12-year-old boy by surgical excision.

Feeding obturator appliance for an infant with cleft lip and palate

Clefts of the palate, alveolus and lip are some of the most frequently encountered anomalies of the face. This article presents a case report of a neonate with cleft lip and palate in whom a feeding obturator was delivered. This article demonstrates the indications, construction, and benefits of a palatal obturator in an 11-day-old infant with a bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Endodontic Irrigants against Enterococcus Faecalis and Escherichia Coli: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the relative antimicrobial efficacy of five different commonly used antimicrobial agents with regard to reduction in the number of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli as compared to normal saline. An agar disk diffusion in vitro method was used to test the efficacy of the root canal irrigants against these two microorganisms. The root canal irrigants used were: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 10% citric acid, 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 0.2% cetrimide and normal saline (as control). Materials and methods: The sample size consisted of 120 agar plates, divided into two groups: groups I and II. Group I consisted of 60 blood agar plates for assessment of E. faecalis and group II consisted of 60 MacConkey agar plates for assessment of E. coli. On each agar plate, 6 circular cellulose nitrate paper disks were placed, on which the inoculum of the respective microorganism was poured with a micropipette. After incubation, these paper disks were removed and put in test tubes containing the particular root canal irrigants, and were vortexed for 60 seconds.The microbial count was then assessed using a microbial colony counter. Results: Results showed that in the group I (E. faecalis), maximum reduction was achieved with cetrimide, followed by NaOCl, H2O2, citric acid and then EDTA. In group II (E. coli), maximum reduction was achieved with NaOCl, followed by cetrimide, H2O2, citric acid and then EDTA. How to cite this article: Kaushik N, Rehani U, Agarwal A, Kaushik M, Adlakha V. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Endodontic Irrigants against Enterococcus Faecalis and Escherichia Coli: An in vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(2):178-182.

Comparative Analysis of the Amount of Plaque Formation and Associated Gingival Inflammation in Deciduous, Mixed and Permanent Dentition

Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents comprise mainly of gingivitis. Gingivitis is an inflammation involving the gingival tissues next to the teeth. Marginal gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease and starts in early childhood. However, severe gingivitis is relatively uncommon in children, although a large population has a mild, reversible type of gingivitis. The major etiologic factors associated with gingivitis and more significantly periodontal diseases are uncalcified and calcified bacterial plaque. The gingival tissues in children are different from those in adults. Due to these differences in the structure between the gingival tissues of the child and the adult, even the clinical features and disease manifestations differ according to the age of an individual. It has been observed in earlier studies that children with a deciduous dentition seem to respond to plaque formation with less gingivitis than adults with a permanent dentition. Thus, in this study, the occurrence of gingivitis in response to plaque was studied and compared in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions.

Alterations in the mechanical properties of the extracted human teeth to be used as biological restorations on storing them in different storage media: an in vitro study

BACKGROUND Total or partial loss of tooth structure occured due to caries or trauma. The decayed or fractured tooth is restored with appropriate restorative materials. A range of restorative materials are available in the market today, but each of them has one or the other drawbacks, viz. color mismatch, variable wear resistance, and strength. Therefore, there has always been a quest to use a restorative material which has properties as close to natural tooth as possible. Extracted human teeth have been tried as restorative materials with good success rate, but their storage has been a problem due to change in physical properties. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of the extracted human teeth to be used as biological restoration upon storing them in different storage media and to compare their effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Five hundred and twenty extracted human teeth (samples) included in the study were equally distributed and randomly stored in different storage media (saline, artificial saliva, ORS, coconut water, and eye solution), and their mechanical properties were checked at different time intervals (7, 14, and 30 days) using universal testing machine and Vickers hardness test. RESULT AND CONCLUSION None of the storage media used in the study significantly altered mechanical properties of the stored extracted human teeth except the hardness which was substantially reduced after storing for 30 days. Of the 4 media tested, eye solution was found to be the best, while artificial saliva was found to be least effective as storage media. It was also concluded that storage time of the extracted teeth to be used as biological restorations should not exceed more than 3-4 weeks as beyond this time, mechanical properties namely hardness get altered significantly.

Pediatric oral lichen planus: review and case report.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common dermatologic diseases occurring in the mouth with an overall prevalence of 0.5 - 2.2%. Childhood OLP is rare and follows an atypical course. OLP typically presents clinically as bilateral, symmetrical, flat- topped polygonal papules and plaques that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of OLP with a case report of a 7 year old girl with OLP.

Obsessive compulsive disorder in dental setting

Globally, 20% of children and adolescents suffer from a disabling psychologic illness. Among these, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the 10 most disabling conditions, with prevalence rates of OCD in children ranging between 1 to 3%. Pediatric dentists are in a unique position to diagnose psychological problems in children and adolescents due to their ongoing relationship with children and their parents that starts at a very early age. Timely diagnosis of psychological illness can result in early intervention as well as better patient management for the dentist too. The purpose of this case report is to highlight a case of OCD in an adolescent girl diagnosed in a dental setting.

Surgical Repositioning of a Dilacerated Impacted Incisor

ABSTRACT Dilaceration is one of the most common complications of trauma to deciduous dentition. The possible causes of dilaceration are trauma and developmental disturbances, while some authors suggest an association with some developmental syndromes. Dilaceration can be seen in both the permanent and deciduous dentition. The present case report describes surgical repositioning of a dilacerated impacted maxillary central incisor in a 9-year-old boy.

Non suicidal self injury resulting in dental trauma in an adolescent

BACKGROUND/AIM Non-suicidal self injury may be a possible etiologic factor for dental trauma in adolescents. The aim of this case report is to present a case of non-suicidal self injury resulting in dental trauma in a 16 year old adolescent boy. CASE REPORT This report illustrates a case of non-suicidal self injury in a 16 year old healthy boy with resultant trauma to the maxillary central incisors and the left lateral incisor (teeth 11, 21, and 22). Three tests were applied; Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence™ (WASI), Inventory of Statements about Self Injury (ISAS), and UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS); to assess the patients intellectual and behavioral functioning. Dental treatment was rendered in the form of composite restorations on teeth 11, 21, and 22. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The patient had a general intelligence quotient (IQ) of 92 (SD = 10.9), verbal score of 86.6 (SD = 14.6), and performance IQ of 93.4 (SD = 23.66) which implied that the intelligence levels were well within the normal range. The patient demonstrated self hitting behavior and predominantly intrapersonal functions of his NSSI on testing with the ISAS scale and elevated urgency scores on the UPPS scale. The total UPPS score was 115.9 and urgency score was 35.9. NSSI was an outlet for negative emotions and to release self directed anger. This resulted in dental trauma to teeth 11, 21, and 22. CONCLUSION NSSI may be an etiologic or risk factor for dental trauma in intellectually normal adolescents as seen in the present case. Self hitting, intrapersonal factors or self directed factors and impulsivity are more likely to predispose an adolescent toward performance of such behavior.

An Overview of Oral Findings in Cerebral Palsy Patients

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a well known group of disorders of movement, muscle tone, or other features that reflect abnormal control over motor function by the central nervous system. The oral findings in these groups of patients are important to know in order to allow efficient dental management of such patients. The article presents a review of oral findings in such patients and the specific dental features encountered.