Vivek Rana

Diagnostic potential of inflammatory biomarkers in early childhood caries - A case control study

BACKGROUND Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is most common chronic infectious disease of childhood. Diagnosis of dental caries has been limited to clinical, visual and radiographic methods but its inflammatory component remained unexplored. Hence, this study aims to evaluate salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines in children with ECC to assess their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. METHODS 50 subjects were recruited (25 ECC patients and 25 healthy children). Saliva samples were taken from all subjects and collected again from patients after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were determined using ELISA. Cytokines level were statistically correlated with each other and with DMF score along with ROC curve analysis. RESULTS Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8 & TNF-α were significantly higher in patients which got significantly reduced after rehabilitative intervention. Levels of these cytokines were significantly associated with severity of dental caries. These cytokines were correlating with each other along with DMF score upon Spearman correlation. ROC curve reveals optimum sensitivity and specificity of these cytokines for diagnosis in ECC with absolute levels observed for IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Significant elevation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α with optimum sensitivity and specificity might imply their involvement as potential non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic markers in ECC.

A Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Leakage of Different Restorative Materials in Deciduous Molars: An in vitro Study.

ABSTRACT Context: Microleakage around dental restorative materials is a major problem in clinical dentistry. Inspite of many new restorative materials available in the market very few actually bond to the tooth surface. Aims: The aims of this study were: (1) To evaluate and compare the marginal leakage of newer restorative materials viz colored compomer, ormocer, giomer and RMGIC in class I restoration of deciduous molars. (2) To compare the microleakage scores between the groups of: Colored compomer and ormocer, giomer and RMGIC, ormocer with giomer and RMGIC, giomer with RMGIC. Materials and methods: A total of 40 primary molars were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each. Class I cavities were prepared and the cavities were restored with colored compomer (Group A), Ormocer (Group B), Giomer (Group C) and RMGIC (Group D). The teeth were thermocycled and subjected to 0.5% basic fuchsin dye penetration followed by sectioning. The cut sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis used: Mann-Whitney U test and Student t-test. Results: No significant difference was observed when colored compomer was compared to ormocer, giomer and RMGIC. Ormocer showed significantly lower microleakage when compared to giomer. However, no significant difference was observed when ormocer was compared to RMGIC. No significant difference between giomer and RMGIC was found. Conclusion: Ormocer has proven to be an excellent restorative material as it showed least microleakage followed by colored compomer, giomer and RMGIC in increasing order. How to cite this article: Yadav G, Rehani U, Rana V. A Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Leakage of Different Restorative Materials in Deciduous Molars: An in vitro Study . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(2):101-107.

Alterations in the mechanical properties of the extracted human teeth to be used as biological restorations on storing them in different storage media: an in vitro study

BACKGROUND Total or partial loss of tooth structure occured due to caries or trauma. The decayed or fractured tooth is restored with appropriate restorative materials. A range of restorative materials are available in the market today, but each of them has one or the other drawbacks, viz. color mismatch, variable wear resistance, and strength. Therefore, there has always been a quest to use a restorative material which has properties as close to natural tooth as possible. Extracted human teeth have been tried as restorative materials with good success rate, but their storage has been a problem due to change in physical properties. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of the extracted human teeth to be used as biological restoration upon storing them in different storage media and to compare their effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Five hundred and twenty extracted human teeth (samples) included in the study were equally distributed and randomly stored in different storage media (saline, artificial saliva, ORS, coconut water, and eye solution), and their mechanical properties were checked at different time intervals (7, 14, and 30 days) using universal testing machine and Vickers hardness test. RESULT AND CONCLUSION None of the storage media used in the study significantly altered mechanical properties of the stored extracted human teeth except the hardness which was substantially reduced after storing for 30 days. Of the 4 media tested, eye solution was found to be the best, while artificial saliva was found to be least effective as storage media. It was also concluded that storage time of the extracted teeth to be used as biological restorations should not exceed more than 3-4 weeks as beyond this time, mechanical properties namely hardness get altered significantly.

A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods ofTooth Brushing in Children Contributors

Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of three different ‘methods of teaching’ tooth brushing in young children and the effect of reinforcement on the learning skills of the child. Material and Methods: 60 children (7-9 years) were equally divided into 3 groups (Group I: Audio visual; Group II: individual instruction on cast; Group III-child as a model) based on the ‘method of teaching’ the tooth brushing to be used. Each group was further divided equally into reinforcer and non reinforcer sub groups according to the reinforcement schedule. After teaching the correct brushing technique, the oral hygiene status of the children was evaluated using modified plaque index. The correct brushing technique was re-taught to the children and the plaque scores were re-evaluated after one week in the reinforcer and nonreinforcer groups. The data was statistically analyzed utilizing the two ways ANOVA and Post Hoc-Bonferroni Multiple comparison test. Results: Maximum drop in post teaching plaque scores was seen in Group II (individual instruction on cast) and the least drop in plaque scores was observed in Group III (child as a model) . The percentage decrease in the post teaching plaque scores even confirmed Group II to be the most efficacious method with a drop in plaque scores to 48.6%. Also reinforcing the brushing instructions again after few days resulted in better reduction of plaque scores. Conclusion: Individual cast instruction group was most effective method for teaching brushing method when compared to other groups. It was further

To Evaluate the Relationship between Mandibular Canine Calcification Stages and Skeletal Age

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess skeletal age and establish relationship between mandibular canine calcification and skeletal age. Materials and methods: The study included 147 females aged 10 to 13 years. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I—comprising of 10 to 11 years old female; Group II—comprising of 11 to 12 years old female; Group III—12 to 13 years female. OPG and hand and wrist radiographs of left side for each subject were taken with prior consent of their parents. The calcification status of canine was evaluated from orthopantomograms according to scores given in Demirjian’s method. The stages of ossification of various carpal bones were evaluated using radiographic atlas of Greulich-Pyle and skeletal age was calculated. Results: Data collected was statistically analyzed. Conclusion: The results drawn from this study showed that a strong correlation was observed for canine calcification stage F for 10 to 11 years and for stage G in 11 to 12 years and 12 to 13 years respectively. How to cite this article: Malik P, Rana V, Rehani U. To Evaluate the Relationship between Mandibular Canine Calcification Stages and Skeletal Age. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(1): 14-19.

Deciduous Mandibular Second Molar with Supernumerary Roots and Root Canals Associated with Missing Mandibular Permanent Premolar

Morphological variations like additional roots and root canals in human deciduous dentition are rare. Knowledge of the morphology, variation of root and root canals of deciduous teeth are useful for successful endodontic treatment and exodontia. Presented here is a case report of the supernumerary roots and additional root canals of deciduous mandibular second molar (85) with congenitally bilateral missing of mandibular permanent second premolar (35 and 45) tooth bud.

Cheek Plumper: An Innovative Anti-cheek Biting Appliance

ABSTRACT One of the most challenging tasks for a pediatric dentist is the management of deleterious oral habits which adversely affect the dentofacial complex. However, if these habits can be intercepted and diagnosed well in time, they can save the patient from the psychological impact of undergoing long treatment therapies. One such rare deleterious oral habit is cheek biting that affects the buccal mucosa. Presented here is a case report which describes the interception of this deleterious habit in a 15-year-old female child who was a bilateral cheek biter with the help of an innovative intraoral appliance: The cheek plumper. How to cite this article: Rana V, Srivastava N, Kaushik N, Panthri P. Cheek Plumper: An Innovative Anti-cheek Biting Appliance. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):146-148.

A correlation of permanent anterior tooth fracture with type of occlusion and craniofacial morphology.

ABSTRACT Aims: To assess the relationship of anterior tooth fractures with type of occlusion and craniofacial morphology. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 76 subjects of age group 9 to 13 years with at least one fractured permanent anterior teeth. Lateral cephalograms were taken and study models were prepared for each subject with prior consent of their parents. Then cephalometric tracings were done and overjet was recorded through study models. Statistical analysis used: Standard error of mean (SEM) and unpaired t-test has been applied to test the significant difference between the seven parameters under consideration. Karl Pearson correlation test has also been used to correlate all the parameters used in this study with each other. All the tests were performed at 5 and 1% levels of significance. Results: Frequency of tooth fracture increases with increasing overjet. At 5% level of significance, significant difference were observed between the standard values and observed values for overjet measurement, SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, upper incisor to NA (angle), upper incisor to NA (linear) and interincisal angle for overall data and also for both male and female data separately. Conclusion: Probability of permanent anterior tooth fracture increases with increasing overjet. A significant difference was observed between the standard value and the observed values of all parameters under consideration. How to cite this article: Chaturvedi R, Kumar A, Rana V, Aggarwal A, Chandra L. A Correlation of Permanent Anterior Tooth Fracture with Type of Occlusion and Craniofacial Morphology. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(2):80-84.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Marble Bone Disease.

ABSTRACT Osteopetrosis is a rare metabolic disease.1 Dental abnormalities may be attributed to the pathological changes in osteopetrosis. Patients with osteopetrosis are especially susceptible to osteomyelitis of mandible.1 A 13-year-old girl presented with complaint of jaw swelling on left side. The radiograph of left mandible (lateral oblique view) showed small sequestrum with irregularity and erosions of the man-dibular cortical margins. This case report aims at diagnosis and treatment of osteopetrosis with superadded mandibular osteomyelitis―a are entity.