Vivek Shrivastava

Output gating performance overhead elimination for scan test

Switching activity is much higher in test mode as compared to normal mode of operation which causes higher power dissipation, and this leads to several reliability issues. Output gating is proposed as a very effective low-power test technique, which is used to eliminate redundant switching activity in the combinational logic of circuit under test (CUT) during the shifting of test vectors in a scan chain. This method reduces the average power significantly, but it introduces performance overhead in normal mode of operation. In this work, a new output gating technique is proposed which eliminates redundant switching activity in combinational logic of CUT during shifting of test vectors without any negative impact on performance as compared to earlier proposed output gating techniques. The proposed design also improves the performance of the scan flop in functional mode with negligible area overhead incurred due to extra transistors. Experimental results show that our design has a more robust performance over wide range of capacitive load as compared to earlier designs.

Installation of DG for optimal demand compensation

The increase in demand, due to rapid industrialization and up gradation in living standard of peoples, has become a serious problem in developing countries. This draws the attention of utility, government and researchers towards the installation of Distributed Generation (DG). Installation of DG has encouraging effects as well as unenthusiastic impacts on the existing power network. These impacts of DG depend on its size and location in the exiting power network. In this paper two stage methodology is used for optimum demand compensation. In first stage only a single capacity DG is considered and in second stage two DGs are considered for compensating the demand. Proposed method is simulated on the IEEE 33 bus standard network and results are presented.

Allocation of UPFC in distribution system to minimize the losses

FACTS technology was introduced into the distribution system (then called FACDS) to improve the distribution system performance. UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is considered to be one of the best suited for power flow control as it controls all the three parameters of distribution line (i.e. impedance, voltage and phase angle). This paper presents a method for minimizing the distribution losses and improving the node voltage profile using UPFC. MATLab program was developed for power flow analysis using Newton-Raphson algorithms and to obtain the optimal location of UPFC using minimum loss as objective function. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 33 RDS (radial distribution system) standard network.

Reliability Improvement of Distribution System by Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Disperse Generation

Recent studies have publicized that renewable energy resources are the only answer to trim down energy crisis and also able to diminish green house gases. Thats why disperse generation is very significant for sustainable development in power sector. This paper presents an analytical algorithm to find optimal location and a best suitable size of distributed generator (DG) to minimize system losses. Authors also prove that scatter generation is used not only to reduce the gap between demand and supply of power with minimum amount losses, but it can also improve the reliability of distribution system. The results obtained from a case study of 34 bus radial distribution system have proved the efficiency of algorithms for loss minimization and competency of DG to enhance the reliability indices of the conventional distribution system.

Analysis of Energy Storage System for Wind Power Generation with Application of Bidirectional Converter

Apart from all superfluous renewable sources, the wind power is the renewable resource which is gifted one. The major complications in these types of systems are to store the power to accomplish the necessity of load when the power due to wind is unattainable. This paper incapacitates the problematic of energy storage system in wind power generation system (WPGS). To accomplish this requirement, an energy system with the application of dc-dc bidirectional converter is suggested. The analysis of this projected system for WPGS has done on the MatLab/Simulink software. In this a bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter associated with a lithium ion battery of 12V. A variable wind speed has used for the analysis of application of bidirectional converter for energy storage system for WPGS.

Performance analysis of induction motor drive with optimal rotor flux for energy efficient operation

In this paper, performance analysis of an induction motor drive employing a loss minimization algorithm (LMA) is presented. As the induction motors are not designed to impart high efficiency under partial loading conditions, proposed LMA is used to improve the efficiency under such load conditions. For the efficiency improvement LMA uses the rotor flux as a control variable. Mathematical model of induction motor in field-oriented frame, including proposed loss model is derived. The complete drive system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software for different operating conditions. Simulation results obtained shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in partial loading conditions.

Optimal Location and Sizing of DG in Distribution System and Its Cost–Benefit Analysis

This paper proposed a tactic to find a optimal location of Distributed Generation (DG) and its capacity through Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO). The site and size of DG are determined to achieve the highest benefit at the lowest cost and with the aim that distribution system should be efficient and stable. Cost–Benefit analysis is carried out considering investment cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost. Benefits are quantified on the concept of Present Value Factor (PVF). PVF is based on the inflation rate and interest rate. This factor is used to determine benefit likely to accrue to power distribution network at the current market price of electricity. The developed technique is tested on IEEE 34-bus radial distribution system. Results demonstrate that the PSO based algorithms are capable to decide optimum size and bus number for DG, to minimizing the loss and improves the voltage stability and economic benefits.

Battery Energy Storage Technology Integrated for Power System Reliability Improvement

In this decade, application of solar and wind power in all countries of world increases. This has resulted in various challenges thrown to engineers to improve reliability and stability of power systems. To improve the reliability, stability and operating conditions of power system by incorporation of energy storage system is presented in this manuscript. This paper explains present and future status battery storage technology, the cost and profit scenario and its overall effects in improvements in reliability of power systems. An effort has been made to explain various challenges and solutions thereof, in present-day environment of power supply systems. Importance of battery energy storage system has also been discussed in power systems. A case study of improvement of reliability using energy storage system has been presented. In the end of this paper, improvement in battery technology with a perspective to use in power system and battery-operated vehicles has been discussed.

Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Capacitor Using Iterative Search Method for Enhancement of Reliability of Distribution System

A secure and reliable distribution network is unavoidable prerequisite for socioeconomical development of any nation. Capacitors can be used for improving the voltage profile and reliability, and these can reduce reactive component of current. The aim of this paper is to present a mathematical model to fix an optimum size capacitor at optimum location in a radial distribution system for reactive power compensation. An iterative search technique is developed for loss minimization and voltage improvement of system. Authors also provide the effect of capacitor on the reliability of 34 radial bus systems.

Technical analysis of solar pumping system based on irrigation requirement

Solar energy is the main source of energy and totally dependable one in India. Irrigation done by solar pumping is a striking option for farmers. As like the case with diesel pumps this technology does not require any type of fuel and maintenance. The PV pump system designing should be done by considering the crop water demand and the solar irradiation. The crop water requirement factor depends on varying season and so optimal amount of water supply should be made. The present paper aims to present a procedure to design and analyze a solar photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation purpose. Rajasthan has an abundant source of solar energy but lacks in sufficient water. Peak water requirement of certain crops grown in Pipalda a village of Rajasthan has been evaluated with the help of CROPWAT 8.0 and accordingly sizing of a solar photovoltaic water pump is done. Other parameters have also been considered such as the evapotranspiration, climatic parameters, sun hours, soil-type, crop characteristics and others too. For better designing of the water pump for irrigation this evaluation based on crop water requirement helps in maintaining the ground water table.