Viviana Macho

Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Occlusal Anomalies in Down Syndrome Children and Their Siblings

Aims: The aim of this study was to characterize occlusal anomalies in a Portuguese population with Down Syndrome (DS) and to compare its distribution with that of their siblings. Study Design: A sibling-matched, population-based and cross-sectional survey was performed. Methodology: This study involved 132 children with DS and 84 of their siblings, aged 2 to 26 years. Data were gathered through the use of a complete questionnaire and clinical observation. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS® v.20.0 and any p-value <.05 was considered significant. Results: Seventy six percent of the DS children and 72% of their siblings showed class I of Angle. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding class I ( P=.60). Only 4% of the DS children presented class II versus 22% of the siblings ( P=.001). Twenty percent of the DS children and 6% of the siblings presented class III ( P=.008). The DS group presented occlusal anomalies more frequently, especially posterior crossbite ( P<.001), anterior open bite ( P=.005) and Original Research Article

Dental hypomineralization treatment: A systematic review

INTRODUCTION Defects in the maturation stage of amelogenesis result in a normal volume of enamel but insufficient mineralization, called hypomineralization. Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta and dental fluorosis (DF) are examples of such defects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments applied to the different forms of dental hypomineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were screened. The research was limited to studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, until May 30, 2018. The research question was formulated following the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy. The quality of the methodology of each article was evaluated employing the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. RESULTS From the initial research, 7895 references were obtained, of which 33 were included in the systematic review. The following treatments were reported: desensitizing and remineralizing products, resin infiltration, restorations, fissure sealants, tooth bleaching, enamel microabrasion and calcium, and vitamins supplements. CONCLUSIONS Although the results are suggestive, there is a clear need for a greater uniformity of the methodologies, thus allowing for the development of clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify several effective treatments for teeth with MIH (arginine pastes or fluoride varnishes) and DF (tooth bleaching and/or enamel microabrasion). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Because MIH, amelogenesis imperfecta, and DF are commonly seen in dental daily practice, it is extremely important to analyze the literature regarding its treatment.

Oral Health in Down Syndrome

Oral health in Down Syndrome (DS) individuals has some peculiar aspects that must be considered in the follow up of these patients. In this chapter, we will focus on the oral and maxillofacial morphological alteration, the most prevalent oral pathologies as well as preventive measures and strategies for pathologies management in this population. Also, future research on oral health of DS will be discussed.

Medicine and Social Media - Ethical Challenges of the 21st Century

Introduction: With the huge growth of social networks, their use is increasing in hospitals and clinics and by physicians. However, health professionals are not always aware of the risks inherent to the use of these tools. The aim of this study is to analyse the problems associated with the use of social media in doctor-patient communication, as well as some rules that may help overcoming the potential risks of this situation. Methodology: Searches were conducted on Google Scholar, Google and Medline and limited to articles published in English, between 2004 and 2014. Twenty-three articles were selected out of 52. Boudreaux’s social media governance website was also used to identify institutional policies on social media. The articles were analysed through thematic coding using template analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: The control of the published information, the regular review of the privacy settings and the limiting access to personal information is of great interest not only for the physician but also for the profession he/she represents. To ensure that health professionals are Mini-review Article

Treatment of White Spot Lesions by Resin Infiltration

Aim: To review the scientific principles of the treatment of white spot lesions with the resin infiltration technique and to discuss its application and limitations. Methodology: A PubMed database research was conducted and limited to articles published in English between the years of 2008 and 2013. Twenty-six articles were selected out of 48. Discussion: The resin infiltration procedure is a promising minimally invasive dentistry technique. Resin infiltration produces a positive effect on aesthetics, preserves tooth structure, delays or even eliminates the need for a restorative treatment and eliminates the risk of post-operative sensitivity and pulp inflammation. Although it has recently been developed, the results are very satisfactory. However, investigation is still needed (particularly with longer follow-ups and larger samples) as well as the development of specific and simplified protocols.