Viviane Mayumi Maruo

Anatomopatologia de amostras de bovinos alimentados com glicerol

The increase in biodiesel production has led to higher production of crude glycerin, thus, numerous studies have highlighted the use of crude glycerin and glycerol as energy source to be used for animal feed production. However, its use has been closely watched because of the presence of contaminants such as methanol used in the process of separating fatty acids from glycerol. Methanol is an alcohol and has been responsible for intoxication in humans and primates, characterized by metabolic acidosis and eye problems, with less toxicity to other species. The toxic effects of methanol poisoning are attributed mainly to formic acid, a metabolite of the degradation process of methanol in the liver. The objective of this study was to verify the possible toxic action of crude glycerin and methanol by pathological examinations of the central nervous system (CNS), liver, rumen, small intestine and kidney from 24 feedlot cattle for 84 days, feed containing up to 24% of crude glycerin in dry matter (DM) presenting in its composition 80.35% glycerol, and <0.01% methanol. There were no pathological changes observed in dairy cows and steers up to 24% of glycerol inclusion based on the diet DM. The total weight gain and feed conversion were not affected by inclusion of glycerol. We conclude that crude glycerin can be included up to 24% of total DM in the diets of steers and dairy cows without compromising animal performance or display toxicity.

Inclusão de casca de pinhão-manso em dietas de ovinos: consumo voluntário e caracterização de quadro toxicológico

ABSTRACT The nutrients intake and histopathological occurrences were evaluated in sheep fed diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) of Jatropha curcas dried and crushed fruit shell in substitution to Mombaca grass hay. Twenty castrated male sheep were kept in metabolic cages and fed diets ad libitum (5 to 10% scraps were allowed). At the end of the experiment, the animals were subjected to clinical examination and blood collection, followed by euthanasia and necropsy. The clinical and pathological disorders were characterized by digestive, lung, and heart alterations, with regressive changes affecting kidney and liver. Presence of fluid in the abdominal and pericardial cavities, intestine with little content or empty, reddish serosa, and hyperemic mucosa with streaks of blood were observed during necropsy; as well as edematous mesenteric lymph nodes; red, swollen, and firm lung (hepatization) with emphysema areas, suffusions in the serous of the rumen, and ulcers in the abomasum.

Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794 (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) parasites

Arq. Inst. Biol., v.84, 1-5, e0282016, 2017 RESUMO: Os organismos aquáticos têm sido alvo de constante interesse por conta de suas características nutricionais e da crescente disponibilização na alimentação humana. Sendo assim, estudos relacionados a organismos nocivos presentes nos ecossistemas aquáticos têm se intensificado, como, por exemplo, acerca dos parasitos, que podem interessar à saúde pública como zoonose ou comprometer a higidez dos hospedeiros. Os peixes apresentam sua fauna parasitária característica em que o equilíbrio do estado saúde-doença é dependente da interação da tríade parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de aspectos gerais e da epidemiologia dos parasitos de Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794, amplamente distribuído e consumido no Brasil.

Intoxication by Cyanide in Pregnant Sows: Prenatal and Postnatal Evaluation

Cyanide is a ubiquitous chemical in the environment and has been associated with many intoxication episodes; however, little is known about its potentially toxic effects on development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN) during pregnancy on both sows and their offspring. Twenty-four pregnant sows were allocated into four groups that orally received different doses of KCN (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg of body weight) from day 21 of pregnancy to term. The KCN-treated sows showed histological lesions in the CNS, thyroid follicle enlargement, thyroid epithelial thickening, colloid reabsorption changes, and vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium. Sows treated with 4.0 mg/kg KCN showed an increase in the number of dead piglets at birth. Weaned piglets from all KCN-treated groups showed histological lesions in the thyroid glands with features similar to those found in their mothers. The exposure of pregnant sows to cyanide thus caused toxic effects in both mothers and piglets. We suggest that swine can serve as a useful animal model to assess the neurological, goitrogenic, and reproductive effects of cyanide toxicosis.

Toxicidade do pericarpo da Jatropha curcas em ovinos

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) is a plant cultivated for biofuel production. Pericarp is a potential livestock food source by-product. However, its use may be limited due to the presence of toxic compounds, mainly phorbol esters. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate pericarp toxicity. Twenty sheep were divided in four groups, one control group which did not receive the plant and three experimental groups which received pericarp in 15% (G15), 30% (G30) and 45% (G45) concentrations for 23 days. After 10 days of treatment, pericarp ingestion produced food intake decrease, diarrhea, dehydration and loss of body condition. All treated groups showed decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity. G30 animals presented reductions in urea and total protein concentrations, and increase in potassium and sodium levels. G45 animals showed increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and in albumin, creatinin, total and indirect bilirubin levels. Anatomohistopathologic findings included ascites, hydropericardium, congestion of the gastintestinal tract and lungs, pulmonary edema and adhesions in the thoracic cavity, renal tubular cells and centrilobular cytoplasmic vacuolation and lymphohistiocytic pneumonia and lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic enteritis. On the physiochemical analysis 0.3845mg of phorbol esters/g of pericarp were detected. It is concluded that J. curcas pericarp is toxic and is not recommended for sheep feeding.