Vladimir Drozd

Basophil mediated pro-allergic inflammation in vehicle-emitted particles exposure.

Abstract Despite of the fact that engine manufacturers develop a new technology to reduce exhaust emissions, insufficient attention given to particulate emissions. However, diesel exhaust particles are a major source of air‐borne pollution, contain vast amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and may have deleterious effects on the immune system, resulting in the induction and enhancement of pro‐allergic processes. In the current study, vehicle emitted particles (VEP) from 2 different types of cars (diesel ‐ D and gasoline ‐ G) and locomotive (L) were collected. Overall, 129 four‐week‐old, male SPF‐class Kunming mice were subcutaneously instilled with either low dose 100, 250 or high dose, 500 mg/kg VEP and 15 mice were assigned as control group. The systemic toxicity was evaluated and alterations in the percentages of the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25 expressing cells, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were determined. Basophil percentages were inversely associated with the PAH content of the VEPs, however basophil sensitization was more important than cell count in VEP exposure. Thus, the effects of VEP‐PAHs emerge with the activation of basophils in an allergen independent fashion. Despite the increased percentage of CD4+ T cells, a sharp decrease in basophil counts at 500 mg/kg of VEP indicates a decreased inhibitory effect of CD16+ monocytes on the proliferation of CD4+ T cell and suppressed polarization into a Th2 phenotype. Therefore, although the restrictions for vehicles emissions differ between countries, follow up studies and strict regulations are needed. HighlightsBasophil sensitization is more important than cell count in VEP exposure.CD16+ cells are more effective than basophils on CD4+ T cell proliferation.CD16+ and CD16‐ monocytes respond to VEP exposure in opposite directions.CD8+ T cell proliferation is inhibited by all doses of VEPs.Globally, more stringent standards are needed for vehicle particle emissions.

3D-Modeling of the Distribution of Welding Aerosol Nano- and Microparticles in the Working Area

The first results of the research of the distribution of welding aerosol nano- and microparticles in the working area based on substance and morphological analysis are presented in the paper. A 3D-model of the welding aerosol cloud demonstrating the distribution of nano- and microparticles in the working area of the welder was created using the granulometric data of the samples. The most dangerous area with maximum density of nano- and microparticles of welding fumes was singled out: 1.3 m in height and 5 meters in all directions.Welding aerosol is a disperse system in which the solid component of the welding aerosol (SCWA) acts as the phase, and the mixture of gases (gaseous component of welding aerosol, or GCWA) – as the medium. SCWA stays suspended in the air for a long time spreading far beyond the working area of a welder [1].The aim of this work was to create a 3D-model of a welding aerosol cloud, demonstrating the spread of nano- and microparticles of welding aerosol in the working area of a welder. The 3D model was created using granulometric data of samples collected by the author’s method.

Studying of welding aerosol using laser granulometry

The paper presents results of a study of the size of the particles that arise during the welding process using laser granulometry method. It is shown that the welding aerosol - extremely dangerous for human and animal health and the source of nano- and micro-sized particles.