Vojislava Momcilovic

Genetic variation for dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in two-rowed spring barley: I. Dry matter translocation

Abstract A 4-year field study was carried out to determine dry matter and nitrogen accumulation until anthesis and at grain filling period and dry matter translocation and utilization in grain filling of barley. Twenty two-rowed spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichum L.) cultivars originated from different countries (Yugoslavia, Germany, Australia, the Czeck Republic, Netherlands, France and USA) were grown during 1995–1998 on a non-calcareous chernozem soil near Novi Sad (45° 20′N, 15° 51′E, 86 m asl). Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation depended on the cultivar and year. In a year with favorable weather conditions, 58% of dry matter was accumulated during pre-anthesis, while in a year with less favorable weather the amount was 48%. In the favorable year 91% and in unfavorable year 65% of nitrogen was accumulated until anthesis. The results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and nitrogen accumulated before anthesis. Dry matter translocation efficiency depended on the cultivar and ranged from 3 to 16.4%, while the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to kernel varied from 4 to 24.2%. Cultivars that have been developed for the growing conditions of the area where the experimental site was located, i.e. adapted ones, did not use pre-anthesis dry matter for grain filling. High positive correlations ( P P

Leaf Number and Thermal Requirements for Leaf Development in Winter Barley

Development and growth of cereal leaves significantly affect grain yield since dry matter accumulation depends on the leaf area that intercepts light. Phyllochron is defined as time interval between the appearance of successive leaves on the main stem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of year and cultivars on final leaf number (FLN) and phyllochron (PHY) in winter barley. Thermal unit was used as timescale with 0 °C as base temperature. Twelve cultivars differing in origin and time to anthesis (early, medium, and late) were tested during six growing seasons (GS), 2002/2003–2007/2008. FLN across cultivars and GSs was 13.5, and PHY was 75.7 GDD leaf−1. The highest FLN across GSs was in the late, six-rowed barley cultivar Kredit (14.7). The lowest FLN was in the early, two-rowed barley cultivar Novosadski 581 (11.3). In regard to earliness, lowest FLN was in the early cultivars (12.9) and highest in the late ones (13.9). The highest PHY across GSs was in the two-rowed cultivar Cordoba, 81.6 GDD leaf−1, the lowest in the two-rowed cultivar Novosadski 581, 71.0 GDD leaf−1. The early cultivars had fast leaf development, the medium cultivars medium, and the late cultivars slow development, 72.5 GDD leaf−1, 75.6 GDD leaf−1, and 78.9 GDD leaf−1, respectively. The tested cultivars showed significant variability in the FLN and PHY, which can be used for selecting most adaptable genotypes for specific conditions.