Volmir Sergio Marchioro

Análise de trilha. I: análise do rendimento de grãos e seus componentes

Thirty two bean accesses (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for the influence of eight characters of agronomic importance the production of grains for unit of area, in Lages/SC. The experiment, in randomized blocks with four repetitions, was conducted during the period off-season in the agricultural year of 1996/97. This work aimed estimating the degree of association between grain yield and its secondary components. The first group of variables (primary) was constituted by the number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of a thousand grains and the population of plants (POP). The second group (secondary), was constituted by the number of days between emergence and flowering (FL), number of days between emergence and harvesting point (MC), plant stature (EP) and the height of first pod insertion (PIL). For the analysis of the trail coefficient, the direct and indirect effects of primary characters NLP and PMG were characterized and evaluated, revealing the large direct effects associated with the high correlation. The NLP was highly influenced by plants of shorter cycle and higher stature. The trail coefficients allow to point out that the largest direct effects on the yield of grains NLP are mainly associated to PMG, NGL and cycle of the plant.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de trigo em diferentes épocas de semeadura, no Paraná

The objective of this work was to identify the best sowing dates and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of wheat cultivars in two wheat growing regions of the state of Parana, Brazil. Seven cultivars were evaluated at Guarapuava and nine at Palotina as to grain yield, at four sowing seasons, in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four and three replicates, for Guarapuava and Palotina, respectively. The methodologies REML/BLUP and genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE biplot) were used for adaptability and stability analysis, and the AMMI model was used to identify the best sowing dates. Sowing in July, at Guarapuava, and in April, at Palotina, maximized grain yield. The cultivars Safira, at Guarapuava, and CD 113, at Palotina, are stable, highly adapted and show high grain yield.

Métodos para análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade em cultivares de trigo no estado do Paraná

This investigation had the objective to evaluate grain yield adaptability and stability of 17 wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) for Parana State, Brazil, occording to four different methods. The experiments were carried out in 2007, at different locations of Parana, in complete randomized blocks experimental design, with 4 replicates. The Wricke (1965) methodology indicates stable cultivars, independently of average yield. Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Cruz et al. (1989) methodologies were equally efficient to evaluate stability and indicate cultivars that are stable and also adapted to favorable and unfavorable environments. Lin and Binns (1988) methodology showed to be of easy interpretation and was efficient to indicate cultivars of high yield and with good stability, where more responsive materials showed a lesser Pi, and high negative correlation of Spearman between grain yields. It was concluded that LIN and BINNS methodology is very specific and when associated to Wi offers more assurance in recommending cultivars for high stability.

Comparações entre medidas de dissimilaridade e estatísticas multivariadas como critérios no direcionamento de hibridações em aveia

Genetic dissimilarity measures are commonly used by plant breeders to identify different genotypes to get desired segregant populations. This study was proposed to establish the relationship between different multivariate techniques to estimate divergence. The experiment was performed during the growing season of 2001, where twelve oat cultivars were tested for seven agronomic traits, using the random blocks experimental design with four replications. Euclidian and Mahalanobis distances showed low correlation (0.529) and when used to build dendrograms did not show similar clustering. The graphic techniques analysis through principal components and canonical variables also showed distinct spreading patterns. However, in spite of the observed discrepancies among the methodology analyzed, it was possible to recognize dissimilar genotypes with high average that can be used with large success probability in selected artificial hybridizations in oats.

Genetic variability in Brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food staples in the south of Brazil. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Brazilian wheat is important for breeding. The aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of Brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers. Twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers (PMM) delineated all 36 of the samples, revealing a total of 74 simple sequence repeat (SSR) alleles, i.e. an average of 3.2 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC value) calculated to assess the informativeness of each marker ranged from 0.20 to 0.79, with a mean of 0.49. Genetic distances among the 36 cultivars ranged from 0.10 (between cultivars Ocepar 18 and BRS 207) to 0.88 (between cultivars CD 101 and Fudancep 46), the mean distance being 0.48. Twelve groups were obtained by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA), and thirteen through the Tocher method. Both methods produced similar clusters, with one to thirteen cultivars per group. The results indicate that these tools may be used to protect intellectual property and for breeding and selection programs.

Morphological and AFLP markers for describing genetic relationships among white-oat genotypes

The use of different genetic dissimilarity indicators can help in both the selection of crop improvement strategies and as artificial crosses. The objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic dissimilarity among seven oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) through molecular (dg) and morphological (dm) markers. Data were obtained from two experiments carried out in Capao do Leao County, RS, Brazil, in 2000. The estimated correlation coefficient (r = 0.33) indicated a low association between dg and dm estimates. The genotypes with similar pedigrees (UPF 16 and UPF 17), with a bootstrapping value of 82.7%, performed the most consistent group (dg) and clustered more closely in both techniques (dg and dm). However, genotypes with similar pedigree clustered in distant groups. Both dissimilarity estimates need to be used in order to obtain a more reliable choice of dissimilar parents, with higher probability of developing promising base populations.

Dissimilaridade genética entre genótipos de aveia

Dezoito genotipos de aveia foram testados quanto a dissimilaridade genetica, com e sem o controle de molestias da parte aerea. As variaveis avaliadas foram rendimento de graos desaristados, peso de mil graos, peso do hectolitro, estatura de planta e dias da emergencia a floracao. Foram empregados analises por variaveis canonicas e tecnicas de agrupamento por meio dos metodos de otimizacao de Tocher e o metodo hierarquico do vizinho mais proximo, tendo como medida de dissimilaridade a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Pelos resultados, constatou-se significativa dissimilaridade genetica entre os genotipos, indicando a existencia de variabilidade para os caracteres avaliados. O metodo de Tocher e o metodo do vizinho mais proximo permitiram a separacao dos genotipos em grupos distintos, possibilitando a identificacao de futuros genitores que possam ser utilizados em cruzamentos artificiais que produzam progenies com maior heterose. Os caracteres que mais contribuiram para a dissimilaridade genetica foram o peso do hectolitro e a estatura de planta.

Implicações da aplicação de fungicida na adaptabilidade e estabilidade de rendimento de grãos em aveia branca

Twenty oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) tested in thirteen environments were submitted to adaptability and stability analyses aiming at evaluating the effects of fungicide utilization following the segmented regression model of CRUZ et al. (1989). Fungicide application affected the parameters of adaptability (b 1 ), responsiveness (b1 + b2) and stability ( ) indicating that estimatives must be performed individually in environments with and without fungicide. Fungicide application had a favorable effect on the stability of grain yield, inasmuch as four of the tested genotypes were shown to be stable (UPF 19, UPF 20, OR-3 e OR-4); however, all genotypes revealed instability of grain yield in the absence of fungicide. No tested cultivar showed characteristics of the ideal genotype, as predicted by the adopted model.

Improving the precision of genotype selection in wheat performance trials

The aim of this study was to verify whether using the Papadakis method improves model assumptions and experimental accuracy in field trials used to determine grain yield for wheat lineages indifferent Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) regions. Grain yield data from 572 field trials at 31 locations in the VCU Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 2007-2011 were used. Each trial was run with and without the use of the Papadakis method. The Papadakis method improved the indices of experimental precision measures and reduced the number of experimental repetitions required to predict grain yield performance among the wheat genotypes. There were differences among the wheat adaptation regions in terms of the efficiency of the Papadakis method, the adjustment coefficient of the genotype averages and the increases in the selective accuracy of grain yield.

Fatores pré-colheita que afetam a qualidade tecnológica de trigo

Technological performance represents an opportunity to add market value to wheat, especially considering international market and industrial sector which seek to achieve distinctive quality of their products. Genetic, metereological, and management factors are crucial to obtain the desired quality. With respect to the selection of an adequate cultivar, knowledge about the climatic limitations of the wheat-growing region and soil fertility, and accomplishing the management practices recommended by research can substantially contribute toward obtaining the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that lend quality to flour and flour-based products, as discussed in this review.