Walcylene Lacerda Matos Pereira Scaramuzza

Compactação do solo: efeitos nas características produtivas e morfológicas dos capins Piatã e Mombaça

The grasses of the genera Brachiaria and Panicum have significant participation in the grasslands of the Cerrado region, but few studies relate their behavior in conditions of soil compaction. The objective was to evaluate the development of grasses Brachiaria brizantha v. Piata and Panicum maximum v. Mombaca in increasing levels of soil compaction. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Federal University of Mato Grosso. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments and 3 replications, arranged in a factorial design involving two grasses and four compaction levels, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3. Two cultings were made and the evaluated variables were: number of tillers NT), dry matter of leaf blade (DMLB), dry matter of stem (DMS), dry matter of root (DMR), leaf/stem ratio (DMLB/DMS); dry matter of shoot (DMSH) and the DMSH/DMR ratio. The levels of soil compaction did not influence the production of grass Piata in two growth periods. The Mombaca grass showed a reduction in production due to soil compaction in the second growth cycle.

CRESCIMENTO E TEOR DE MICRONUTRIENTES EM PLANTAS DE MILHO SOB DOSES DE NÍQUEL E CALAGEM

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba-MT, from March to May 2012. The objective was to assess the effects of different rates of nickel application with and without liming on maize growth and micronutrient levels. The study was a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replicates, for a total of 40 plots, including with and without liming and five rates of nickel application, on a clayey Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol, USDA classification and Ferralsol, FAO classification). Both lime and nickel applications influenced plant growth, reducing plant development with increased nickel application without liming. It was also observed that both lime and nickel applications altered micronutrient levels in the maize plants, independent of which part of the plant was evaluated. Nickel played an antagonistic role with manganese and zinc and a synergistic role with copper and iron.

Compactação do solo e macronutrientes primários na Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça

The primary macronutrients have an important role in the forage fertilization, depending on their contribution to the production cost. This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of soil compaction on the concentration of primary macronutrients present in diagnostic leaves of Piata and Mombaca grasses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a randomized statistical design, consisting of eight treatments and three replications in 2 x 4, factorial scheme, with two grases (Piata grass and Mombaca) and four soil densities (1.0, 1.2 , 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3). Two harvest of shoots were made, the first 42 days after the plant thinning, and the second 46 days after the first cutting. In the first growing period, the soil compaction interfere with the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, while in the second growing period there is a limitation in the absorption of nitrogen and potassium. Nitrogen is the primary macronutrient most limited by soil compaction.

Deficiências de macronutrientes em sorgo

A procura de informacoes sobre sorgo tem aumentado e parece estar associada ao seu maior potencial produtivo, maior resistencia ao deficit hidrico, o surgimento de novas cultivares e expansao do seu cultivo na regiao do Cerrado. Com base nisso, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar os sintomas tipicos e individualizados de deficiencia nutricional de macronutrientes na cultura do sorgo, mediante a observacao dos efeitos da omissao de nutrientes no desenvolvimento das plantas e avaliar os efeitos dessas omissoes na composicao mineral do sorgo. Foram cultivadas plantas de sorgo em solucao nutritiva completa de Sarruge (1975), submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Aos dois dias apos o inicio do ensaio, as plantas apresentaram os primeiros indicios de deficiencia, que foram descritos e caracterizados. Quando os sintomas estavam definidos as plantas foram coletadas, lavadas, separadas em folhas, colmo e raizes, colocadas para secar, para posterior determinacao de massa seca, area foliar e teores de macronutrientes. Os sintomas visuais de deficiencia de nutrientes mostraram-se de uma maneira geral facilmente caracterizaveis. A producao de massa seca foi afetada pela omissao de nutrientes e os tratamentos que mais afetaram as diferentes partes das plantas e as areas foliares foram as omissoes de nitrogenio, calcio e magnesio. O acumulo de nutrientes pelas plantas obedeceu a seguinte ordem decrescente: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S.

ESTABELECIMENTO DOS CAPINS XARAÉS E MARANDU SOB NÍVEIS DE COMPACTAÇÃO DO SOLO

In Cerrado soils under grazing, changes occur in physical attributes, such as increased density, decreasing on the size of water stable aggregates, and macroporosity reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to study the effect of compaction on the establishment of two forages. It was adopted a completely randomized design with three replications, in 2 x 4 factorial design, and two forages (Xaraes grass and Marandu grass), and four levels of compaction (soil densities of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 Mg m-3). The following variables were evaluated 48 days after sowing: tiller population, plant height, dry matter production of shoots and components, leaf and stem, as well as the root dry mass. The stem dry mass decreased with soil density in a similar manner for both forages. It was observed that the leaf dry mass and shoots dry mass of Xaraes grass remained constant in the levels of soil compaction, not adjusting to any regression model. The establishment of Xaraes grass has not been negatively affected by compaction, which may be suitable for situations where there may be layers that restrict the growth of different forages.

Sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e matéria seca em plantas de nim, cultivadas em solução nutritiva

O plantio de especies florestais e uma atividade que, alem de introduzir novos generos exoticos, pode atenuar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do extrativismo. Entretanto, esse sucesso depende, entre outros fatores, do conhecimento das necessidades nutricionais da especie a ser utilizada. Objetivou-se verificar os sintomas tipicos de deficiencia nutricional de macronutrientes na cultura do nim, atraves da observacao visual das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao na Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinaria (FAMEV) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), em Cuiaba/MT, e foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Cada unidade experimental foi representada por um vaso plastico de dois litros de capacidade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: solucao nutritiva completa e com omissao dos nutrientes: -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg e -S. Verificou-se que os sintomas visuais de deficiencia de nutrientes foram, de maneira geral, facilmente caracterizaveis com excecao do tratamento com omissao de enxofre. Portanto, a omissao de macronutrientes diminui a producao da materia seca total das plantas de nim, exceto a omissao do nutriente S.

Atributos químicos de um cambissolo e crescimento de mudas de eucalipto após adição de lodo de curtume contendo cromo

The leather tanning process produces residues potentially useful as lime and fertilizer, however, some of its components are toxic to soil when in high concentration, which limits its use in production systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the chemical properties of a Humic Cambisol and the growth and content of Chromium in Eucalyptus urophylla clones after the addition of tannery sludge (TS) doses. The experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse from March to July, in the year of 2009. The treatments consisted in the addition of tannery sludge doses (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g dm-3) to the soil and also, as a complement, lime and NPK fertilization in a single dose. The pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage, which are aspects related to soil salinity, increased when higher doses of tannery sludge were used. However, the values found were below the salinity levels. The soluble Cr content in the soil, which was extracted by water, linearly decreased when higher doses of TS were used and it was negatively correlated to soil pH. Increasing doses of TS provided an increment in Eucalyptus urophylla clones height by 11.5% when compared to the control. The dry mass production of the roots decreased, on average, 28.3% when compared to the control, with the highest dose (6 g dm-3). The Eucalyptus plants, in all treatments, had Chromium only in the roots system, and the highest the TS dose, the highest the levels of this metal in the roots.

Lodo do curtimento e sua influência na produção de mudas de paricá ( Schizolobium amazonicum ) e nas propriedades químicas do solo

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influencia do lodo do curtimento nas propriedades quimicas do solo e nas caracteristicas morfologicas e nutricionais de mudas de parica. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em cinco repeticoes, tendo como substrato um cambissolo humico, o qual foi caracterizado quimica e granulometricamente; de posse desses resultados o solo foi corrigido previamente com calcario e NPK. Apos 100 dias de observacao foram analisadas as variaveis quimicas do solo (pH, H+Al, Al3+, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Cr3+, CO, SB, CTC, V, RAS e PST), a morfologia da planta [altura (H), diâmetro do caule (DC), numero de folhas completas, comprimento da raiz principal (CR) e biomassa seca], bem como as concentracoes de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cr3+ e Na na planta. O lodo de curtimento foi utilizado como complemento nutricional nas doses de 0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 g kg-1. O lodo de curtimento tem potencial como corretivo de acidez do solo, com aumento pouco expressivo dos indicadores de salinidade, sodicidade e do teor de Cr3+ disponivel. No entanto, o uso do lodo nao afetou as caracteristicas morfologicas das mudas de parica, porem, propiciou aumento nos teores K e S na parte aerea e de Na e S na raiz. Os maiores teores de nutrientes no parica foram obtidos com 6,0 g kg-1 de lodo de curtimento, contudo, nao foi possivel otimizar uma dose para a maxima produtividade de mudas de parica com as doses utilizadas.

Germination and vigor of seeds of Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil. submitted to storage and pre-imbibition in water

Timbó (Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil.) is a species with ornamental potential, which can be used in composition of gardens, squares and especially in streets landscaping. It is also suitable for planting in degraded areas of permanent preservation. This work aimed to verify the effect of seed size, storage and pre-imbibition time on seed germination and vigor. The test design was completely randomized, in a plot scheme subdivided in time. The main plots were seed size (large and small), packaging (0.5 mm-thick transparent polyethylene and kraft paper bag), and time of imbibition in water (0, 12 and 24 hours); and as subplots, it was considerate the storage times (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). The tests were carried out in five replications of ten seeds, and the evaluated variables were: water content of the seeds, percentage of germination (% G), mean germination time (MGT), shoot height (cm), collar diameter (mm), number of leaves, and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part (g). The size of the seed did not influence the germination percentage, but large seeds formed more vigorous seedlings. The storage did not affect seeds germination, nor the vigor of the seedlings. Seed preimbibition did not influence the percentage of germination, but the mean germination time decreased, and more vigorous seedlings were formed. In order to obtain more vigorous Timbó seedlings, the best option is to use large seeds. They can be stored for up to 12 months without losing vigor and pre-soaked to accelerate the beginning of germination, thus forming a more homogeneous lot of seedlings.

Eficiência de Forrageiras e Efeito da Micorriza na Absorção de Fósforo Menos Disponível do Solo

A asma e definida como uma doenca inflamatoria cronica caracterizada por hiper-responsividade das vias aereas inferiores e por limitacao variavel ao fluxo aereo, podendo ser reversivel espontaneamente ou com tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um levantamento das diversas tecnicas fisioterapeuticas utilizadas no controle da asma. Para tanto, foi realizado uma revisao bibliografica assistematica utilizando livros e artigos cientificos, nacionais e internacionais, publicados no periodo de 2000 a 2010, no Portal de Periodicos da Capes, no Google Academico, nas Bases de Dados Scielo e Lilacs; alem da busca na Biblioteca da Universidade de Cuiaba, como forma de salientar a importância investigativa dos diversos processos fisioterapeuticos frente ao problema exposto, em sua abordagem tecnica e clinica. Na bibliografia consultada, varios estudos demonstraram resultados significativos no tratamento da asma. No campo da fisioterapia respiratoria as diversas tecnicas utilizadas demonstraram um papel importante no controle e na recuperacao do paciente asmatico, trazendo beneficios tanto no bem estar fisico, social e emocional.