Waldyr Stumpf Junior

Produção e qualidade do leite na bacia leiteira de Pelotas-RS em diferentes meses do ano

We evaluated changes in milk production and quality during 11 months in nine milk production units, randomly chosen at the Pelotas dairy region. Mastitis incidence and average milk daily production were registered. Once a month, animal feed and bulk milk samples were collected at each production unit for further physical-chemical analysis and somatic cells count. Production units were classified in one of the following production systems: specialized, semi-specialized and not specialized. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of months, production systems and their interaction, according to a completely randomized design. Fat corrected milk production, crude protein, casein, lactose, total solids, solids non fat contents of the milk and mastitis incidence varied among months, but fat and non protein nitrogen contents and somatic cells count did not. In fall and winter, values for milk production and milk components contents were the lowest, while mastitis incidence was highest in spring and summer.

Comportamento ingestivo de vacas Jersey alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de gordura nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação

This trial aimed to describe and compare the feeding behavior of Jersey cows at the beginning of lactation and fed diets with different fat sources. Fat sources tested were tallow, calcium salts of palm oil and ground soybean, representing sources of mainly saturated, unsaturated-protected and unsaturated fats, respectively. Eight cows weighing 389±27 kg, with body condition score from 3 to 3.5 and yielding 21.8±3.5 L/day were used. Animals were randomly allocated to treatments according to a replicated Latin square design, with eight animals, four treatments and four experimental periods. Feeding behavior consisted of the daily times of eating, ruminating and idling, number and duration of mean periods of those activities. Feeding behavior was recorded on three days per experimental period, for 24 hours a day at intervals of five minutes, individually for each animal. There were no significant differences concerning feeding behavior attributes among treatments. Probably the absence of treatment effects was due to similar dry matter and NDF intakes.

Efeito de diferentes fontes de gordura na dieta de vacas Jersey sobre o consumo, a produção e a composição do leite

Eight high-yielding Jersey cows were randomly assigned to two 4x4 Latin squares to study the effects of different dietary fat sources on intakes of dry matter (DMI), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI), and ether extract (EEI) as well as on milk yield and composition. The following treatments were used: concentrate with no added fat (control = C); concentrate plus tallow (T); concentrate plus commercial ruminally protected fat (calcium salts + palm oil; PF); and concentrate plus whole soybean (WS). Both DMI and NDFI did not differ significantly among treatments. However, EEI was higher for cows fed diets containing the added fat sources than for those fed the C diet. Both milk yield and milk yield corrected for 4% fat (FCM) were highest on PF, intermediate on T, and lowest on C and WS diets. Cows fed PF had greater feed efficiency expressed as FCM/ DMI (1.50), compared with those fed T or WS diets but it was similar to C (1.38). Contents of milk fat, crude protein, casein, total solids, solids-nonfat, density, and the cryoscopic index all were not affected by dietary treatments. It can be concluded that addition of fat sources to diets of lactating Jersey cows is recommended because improved milk yield and feed efficiency with no deleterious effects on DMI and milk composition.

Fornecimento de suplementos com diferentes níveis de energia e proteína para vacas Jersey e seus efeitos sobre a instabilidade do leite

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de suplementos contendo tres combinacoes de energia e proteina sobre a producao leiteira, as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas do leite, o peso e a condicao corporal e o perfil bioquimico sanguineo de vacas. Foram utilizadas 24 vacas lactantes em campo natural, distribuidas em delineamento completamente casualizado, recebendo um dos seguintes suplementos: baixos niveis de energia e proteina; baixo nivel de energia e alto nivel de proteina; ou altos niveis de energia e proteina. Em comparacao ao suplemento com baixos niveis de energia e proteina, aquele com altos niveis de energia e proteina reduziu a instabilidade do leite na prova do alcool, aumentou em 50% a producao de leite e em 18% o escore de condicao corporal das vacas. Alem disso, ocasionou aumento dos componentes do leite e do perfil bioquimico sanguineo das vacas: 13% no teor de lactose; 9% no de extrato seco desengordurado; 21% nos niveis plasmaticos de glicose; 24% no teor de fosforo; 16% no nivel de creatinina; 9% no teor de magnesio; e reduziu em 40% o teor de nitrogenio ureico. O suplemento com altos niveis de energia e proteina foi mais eficiente que os demais em melhorar a estabilidade do leite na prova do alcool, o escore de condicao corporal e os teores de alguns componentes quimicos do leite e do sangue.

Produção leiteira, composição do leite e perfil bioquímico sanguíneo de vacas lactantes sob suplementação com sal aniônico

The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of anionic salt in the diet on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of milk, biochemical blood profile, milk yield, body weight and condition. It was used 20 Jersey cows, distributed into two diets, a diet with no addition of anionic salt and one diet with addition of 0.25 kg/day of ammonium chloride. It was used a completely randomized design. Cows supplemented with anionic salt presented lower urinary pH and increase of blood contents of urea, calcium and magnesium. With the anionic diet, milk precipitated with lower ethanol concentration and it presented lower density, percentages of lactose, protein and immunoglobulin, but higher ionic calcium content. Supply of anionic diet during lactation resulted in metabolic acidosis, which altered the blood biochemical profile and milk physical-chemical characteristics.

Influência do grão de sorgo como fonte de amido em ovinos alimentados com feno: parâmetros plasmáticos

The objective of this experimental work was to evaluate the influence of different levels of sorghum grain, as a source of starch, on the plasma parameters of sheep fed elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum Schum). Sorghum grain was included in the diet at four levels: 0, 15, 30 e 45%. Twelve castrated male sheep were assigned to four treatments with three replicates. Six samples of blood per animal were collected just before the morning feeding (zero hour) and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours. A completely randomized design was used. The first hour after feeding showed the highest plasma concentration of urea (53.3 mg/100 mL) and was higher than the six and eight-hour samples (49.5 and 49.3 mg/100 mL). The higher concentration of urea in the plasma coincided with the highest concentration of ammonia in the ruminal liquor. Treatment including 30% sorghum in the diet showed a glucose plasmatic concentration of 81,0 mg/100 mL and was superior to the control treatment (60.4 mg/100 mL). Insulin concentration varied among treatments for each hour of collection after feeding according to the levels of sorghum in the diet. The treatment that included 45% sorghum grain showed the highest concentration of this hormone in the plasma. It was observed a peak of the insulin production at the four-hour after feeding.

Desempenho de vacas Jersey suplementadas com diferentes fontes lipídicas na fase inicial da lactação

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusao de tres fontes lipidicas (6% de EE total) em dietas com teores semelhantes de proteina, fibra e lipidios sobre o consumo voluntario, a producao de leite e a eficiencia alimentar de vacas Jersey na fase inicial da lactacao. Foram utilizadas oito vacas multiparas em estagio proximo ao pico de lactacao, com 420 kg de PV e producao media de 20 kg de leite (corrigida para 3,5% de gordura), estabuladas em baias individuais. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em dois quadrados latinos (4 x 4) com periodos de 28 dias, conforme descritos a seguir: CON - dieta controle, sem inclusao de lipidios; GPC - dieta com gordura protegida comercial (sais de calcio de acidos graxos de oleo de palma); FAIO - dieta com farelo de arroz integral e oleo de arroz; FAIS - dieta com farelo de arroz integral e sebo bovino. Utilizaram-se concentrados a base de graos de milho moidos e farelo de soja e, como volumosos, silagem de milho e feno de alfafa (1:1, na MS). Os concentrados foram fornecidos tres vezes ao dia, separadamente dos volumosos. Os volumosos foram fornecidos a vontade, procurando-se manter a proporcao de 55% em relacao ao concentrado. A interpretacao estatistica foi feita por meio de analise de variância dos valores medios de cada tratamento aplicando-se o teste F. Os resultados comprovaram que as fontes lipidicas estudadas nao afetam o consumo voluntario de MS e proporcionam maior producao de leite, de modo que a fonte de sais calcicos de acidos graxos de oleo de palma promoveu, tambem, maior producao de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura e melhorou a eficiencia alimentar.

Suplementação de lipídeos de diferentes fontes em dietas para vacas Jersey na fase inicial de lactação

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of fat supplementations as calcium salts of palm oil (PF), whole rice bran + rice oil (WRBO) and whole rice bran + bovine tallow (WRBT) on dry matter intake, productive efficiency and energy balance of dairy cows in the beginning of the first third period of lactation. Control diet contained 2.9% EE, while the diets GP, FAIO and FAIS contained 5.13; 5.29 and 5.16% EE, respectively. Pure bred Jersey cows of 2nd and 3rd lactation were used, with 70 days in milk, average weight of 420 kg and body condition of 3.5 to 4. A replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design was used, with eight cows, four diets and four experimental periods. Each experimental period consisted of 21 days (14 days for adaptation and 7 for sample collection for the chemical analysis of milk and feeds. Milk production of 3.5% fat corrected milk (FCM 3.5%) was higher with the fat supplementation to the diet. There was no difference in dry matter intake. Fat supplementation showed better results for productive efficiency expressed as FCM3.5% in function of metabolic weight. Independently of lipid source, there was not effect of the diets on PLC3.5%, dry matter intake and productive efficiency, expressed as PLC3.5% in function of the metabolic weight. The addition of different fat sources to high production dairy cows diets could be viable, because its addition to the diet improved milk yield without alter feed intake.

Suplementação de vacas holandesas em estádio avançado de lactação

The trial aimed to verify the effects of two feeding supplements: low and high level supplementation given to cows at an extended lactation stage upon productive aspects, physical-chemical composition of milk and blood biochemical profile. Twelve lactating Holstein cows, with 514kg of body weight, body condition score of 3.5, yielding 13L milk cow-1 day-1 and approximately 349 days of lactation were used. Treatments were low or high level of supplementation for lactating cows grazing natural range pasture. Cows body weight and body condition score, individual milk yield, physical and chemical characteristics and somatic cells count, besides biochemical blood profile were evaluated. Increased nutrient supply augmented body weight gain, body condition score, fat corrected milk, milk fat and total solids contents, but did not change the others milk components nor blood biochemical profile. Increasing nutrient supply for cows at an extended lactation might be a valuable option to match milk productivity and improved physical aspects of dairy cows kept on grazing systems, without adverse effects upon milk components yield.

Diferentes níveis de gordura na dieta de vacas Jersey em lactação influenciam a resposta superovulatória

This experiment aims at evaluating the effects of dietary fat to lactating dairy cows, on the superovulatory response and embryo quality. Eighteen high producing lactating Jersey cows (420±70.6kg of live weight, 22.2±1.7kg of milk/day) were grouped according to calving date and lactation order, and randomly assigned to one of the three treatment diets. The control group received a basic diet with corn and soybean bran, containing 4.0% ether extract, the medium group received the control diet with additional tallow to increase the ether extract content to 6.0% and the high group treatment received the control diet with additional tallow to increase the ether extract content to 8.0%. All cows were twice superovulated, at 90 and 130 days postpartum. The structures recovered (7 days after artificial insemination) were evaluated for developmental stage and quality grade (IETS, 1999). The results shows no difference on structures number, embryos grade one and two, grade four and corpora lutea number, for the tested treatments. The cows groups that receive high fat diet (2.9±0.4) had higher number of grade three embryos in relationship to control (0.2±0.4) and medium (0.0±0.5) groups. Addition of tallow to diets to increase EE levels to lactating cows did not increase the superovulatory response and embryo quality.