Patrícia Barcellos Costa

Contagem bacteriana total do leite em diferentes sistemas de ordenha e de resfriamento

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of milking systems and cooling on total bacterial count (TBC), and the amount of milk samples with TBC < 105, which represents high-quality milk. A total of 12,221 records of milk TBC were obtained from a dairy industry in the western region of Parana State, Brazil, from January to October 2006. After the sampling was conducted, the milk quality was analyzed in the laboratory by the method of flow cytometry. The TBC data were classified by milking system, type of coolers and intervals of the TBC, in accordance with Normative Instruction 62, and submitted to the chi-square test for independence. The proportions of milk TBC among types of coolers at each milking system were compared using the calculated statistic Z. A lower TBC value (p < 0.01) was observed in milk obtained from cows milked using a piped system and from bulk cooled milk. The proportion of milk samples evaluated at three levels of TBC cooled by the immersion system did not differ (p = 0.1549) from bulk cooled milk when the milk was obtained from herds milked with a piped system. The best microbiological quality of milk in the western region of Parana was achieved with a piped milking system and bulk cooling.

Metabolismo e importância da arginina na nutrição de suínos

The swine nutrition in recent years has been the focus of several experimental studies, especially in relation to protein and amino acid nutrition. In this context, arginine is one of the amino acid in increasing research, which metabolism is dynamic, participating in several metabolic pathways and generating numerous compounds. The arginine synthesis occurs primarily in the intestinal-renal axis, where lining cells from the small intestine produce citrulline and proximal tubule cells from kidney extract citrulline from the bloodstream, converting it into arginine, returning it to circulation. Arginine is chemically named 2-Amino-5-Guanidopentanoic Acid, and it is a conditionally nonessential amino acid for pigs, considering that is required primarily from 3 to 21 days age when the animal organism is capable of synthesizing about 60% of its requirements. Thus, arginine supplementation in diets for pregnant and lactating sows has been a tool to increase the performance of nursing piglets. However, there are evidences that high levels of arginine in the diet can cause an antagonism to the lysine, which is the first limiting amino acid for pigs, and it could adversely affect animal performance. Thus, this literature review aims to elucidate the arginine metabolism in swines, evidencing the importance of this amino acid in the nutrition of these animals.

Avaliação do crescimento de cordeiros alimentados com permeado de soro de leite em pó

The present work aimed to establish the biometric measures and the pre-slaughter weight, conversion and food efficiency of sheep fed with whey powder permeate. In order to do so, 24 male sheep, of Santa Ines breed, with a 20 kg body weight, fed with growing levels of whey powder permeate (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%), replacing ground maize in the concentrate. When reaching 30 kg of live weight, the animals were weighed to establish the live weight in the origin and the live weight at slaughter, and to get the morpho-structural measures. The analysis of regression was used for study the replacement levels, when significant differences were detected in the analysis of variance. The initial biometric measures did not differ among the animals which can help inferring that they all belong to a homogeneous group and do not characterize a variation source. There was no effect of the replacement of ground maize of the whey powder permeate diet on the development and the bioemtric measures of sheep. The inclusion of up to 15% of whey powder permeate to substitute maize, in diets for sheep in termination, does not harm the animals growth.

Produção de matéria seca e valor nutritivo do feno do tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio e colhido com 35 dias

Objetivou-se avaliar as etapas de producao de feno de capim Tifton 85 adubado com cinco doses de nitrogenio apos cada corte sob a forma de ureia em cobertura. A desidratacao da primeira colheita ocorreu durante seis dias em galpao, em funcao das condicoes climaticas, e a desidratacao da segunda colheita ocorreu a campo durante dois dias. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo as parcelas (5 m x 3 m) as doses de nitrogenio (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100 kg ha-1 colheita-1) e as subparcelas as etapas de producao de feno (corte, enfardamento e armazenamento). O nitrogenio aumentou a altura e producao de materia seca por hectare, os teores de proteina bruta (PB) e de proteina insoluvel em detergente acido (PIDA) e neutro (PIDN). A secagem em galpao durante seis dias foi insuficiente para que a forragem atingisse 850 g kg-1 de MS no momento de enfardar. Entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento, o feno desidratado em galpao aumentou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, de fibra em detergente de acido, a PIDA, PIDN e a lignina e ocorreu um decrescimo de 18,9% nos teores de PB. Ocorreu reducao da digestibilidade in vitro da materia seca (DIVMS) em 32,72% entre a etapa de corte e 30 dias de armazenamento para o feno seco em galpao, enquanto que nao houve alteracao significativa na DIVMS e PB para o feno seco em dois dias a campo. Palavras-chave: Cynodon spp. Fenacao. Qualidade de volumosos.

Evaluation of cation-anion diets in calcium metabolism in ruminants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) on the calcium metabolism in male Nellore steers with a mean age of 10 months. Three experimental diets were tested: a cationic diet, a diet consisting of Tifton hay only, and an anionic diet with +15.2, +23.9 and −10.0 mEq/100 g DM of DCAB values in the diet. The anionic diet was calculated as the addition of salts of ammonium chloride and magnesium sulfate. Based on the isotope dilution technique, the negative DCAB value used in this study (−10.0 mEq/100 g DM) does not affect calcium metabolism, especially endogenous losses and true absorption.

Avaliação in vivo e características da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com resíduo de cervejaria

This study aimed to evaluate the use of dried brewer in feeding feedlot lambs and their effects on in vivo measurements and carcass characteristics. We used 16 lambs Santa Ines, with 20 kg of live weight at the beginning of the experiment in a completely randomized distributed among diets: control, 20%, 40% and 60% inclusion of brewer replacing the bran concentrated in soy. On the 94th day of confinement, the animals were fasted for 16 h of solid feed, and then the measurements were taken, weight, body shape and condition. After slaughter, we evaluated the weights and measures of income and housing. The measurements performed in vivo and carcass characteristics were not affected by different levels of inclusion of the residue, except the internal length of casing and leg length. The animals reached 32 kg live weight at the end of the experiment and a score of 3.30, characterizing them as animals slightly fatty. Also presented weights and carcass ideals and good muscle development in later. The brewer can be used in up to 60% replacement of soybean meal in concentrate feedlot lambs.

Dehydration curve, fungi and mycotoxins in Tifton 85 hay dehydrated in the field and in shed

The objective of this study was to estimate the dehydration curve and occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in Tifton 85 hay. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with four replications and five levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the form of urea, two regrowth ages (28 and 35 days) and drying hay in the sun and in shed. After harvesting, the grass was sampled four times (0, 8, 23 and 32 hours) to dry in the sun and twelve times (0, 3, 18, 27, 42, 51, 66, 75, 90, 99, 114 and 123 hours) for drying in shed, turned over daily. The fungi were identified after seeding and growth in three steps of haymaking (cutting, baling and after 30 days of storage). To verify the presence of mycotoxins, 20 samples, composed of hay stored for 30 days, were collected, of which 10 samples were from sun-dried hay and 10 from hay dried in shed. It took 32 hours to produce hay at field conditions, with water loss rates up to 6.10 g g-1 DM-h during the first 8 hours after cutting. The average loss of water in this period was 2.0 g g-1 DM-h. Hays dried in the shed took 123 hours and the dehydration rates were less than 0.5 g g-1 DM-h due to environmental conditions. There was a predominance of three genera of fungi: Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. The largest population was the Fusarium, followed by Penicillium, at the steps of baling and storage. The fumonisin mycotoxin was found at a higher concentration and there was no difference in fumonisin concentration in the hay dried in the sun and in shed. Although it brings no hazard to animal health, the production of aflatoxin and zearalenone was significantly higher in the samples of sun-dried hay.