Wang-Shik Lee

The Effects of Various Factors on Milk Yield and Variation in Milk Yield Between Milking, Milk Components, Milking Duration, and Milking Flow Rate in Holstein Dairy Cattle

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of parity, milking time, milking interval and days in milk(DIM) on variation in milk yield between consecutive milkings(am to pm to am), morning and evening milk yield and its components, somatic cell counts(SCS), milking duration, milk flow rate and peak milk flow in Holstein dairy cattle. Records from one hundred and twenty two heads of Holstein cattle at National Livestock Research Institute, Korea were used for this study from July 1 to August 8, 2005. The experimental herd had average 1.6±0.9 parities, 199.8±109.1 DIM and 12.26±4.06 kg milk yields at each milking. Milking yield, percent milk fat and SNF, milking duration and average milk flow were significantly varied by parity, milking time and DIM. Percent milk protein and lactose were varied by parity and DIM, however SCS and average milk flow were affected by parity and milking time. Milking interval significantly affected the consecutive, morning and evening milk yield and average milk flow. However, MUN was not affected by parity, milking time, DIM and milking interval. Milk yield was decreased with increasing parity. Milk yield in the morning was higher than that of in the evening. Milk yield between consecutive milking was not affected by parity, however, affected by milking time. Percent milk Fat, SNF and SCS were higher at in evening milk than those of in morning milk. Milk protein, lactose, SNF, SCS, milking duration and peak milk flow rate were influenced by parity. This study suggested that milk yield variation between consecutive milking, milking flow rate, and milking duration could be important traits for enhancing Holstein cattle productivity however, and more study is needed to estimate genetic parameters for such traits.

Effect of Crude Protein and Total Digestible Nutrient Levels on Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Growing Dairy Goats

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of increases of nutrient level of TMR on dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance in growing dairy goats (Saanen). Twelve growing dairy goats weighing 17.5kg were randomly assigned to one of four TMRs; low energy-low crude protein (CP) TMR (control; A), high energy-low CP TMR (B), low energy-high CP TMR (C) and high energy-high CP TMR (D). The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP in the control diet were 67% and 11%. The TDN content of the high energy TMR was 73.7% and the CP content of the high CP TMR was 13%. Dry matter intake was highest in D, and significantly higher in B than in C (p

Effects of Lactation Stage and Milk Yield on Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows

【This study aimed to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy herds by comparison and analyzing estrous appearance rate, conception and non-conception rate according to the stage of lactation using the lactation and reproductive records of average (less than 10,000 liters milk in 305 days) and high yielding (more than 10,000 liters milk in 305 days) Holstein cows (n=102). Milk production and reproduction data were collected between January 2010 and December 2012 from Holstein cows kept in the commercial dairy farms. Average (n=32) and high yielding (n=24) Holstein cows used to analyze the relationship between milk yield and reproductive performance. Our results showed that estrous appearance rate according to the stage of lactation was 25.0% (30~59d), 40.6% (60~89d), 25% (90~110d) and 9.4% (>111d) in average yielding cows and 16.7% (30~59d), 20.8% (60~89d), 12.5% (90~110d) and 50.0% (>111d) in high yielding cows, respectively. Conception rate according to the stage of lactation was 87.5% (30~59d), 61.5% (60~89d), 75.0% (90~110d) and 66.7% (>111d) in average yielding cows and 25.0% (30~59d), 0% (60~89d), 33.3% (90~110d) and 50.0% (>111d) in high yielding cows, respectively. Days between parturition and conception was 23.7% ( 210 d) in average yielding cows and 69.0% ( 210d) in high yielding cows, respectively. Conception rate from 110 days postpartum in high yielding cows was 41.7% (110~150d), 50.0% (151~180d) and 50.0% (>181d). Body condition score (BCS) in 120 days postpartum was

Effects of Ruminally Inserted Artificial Fiber on Growth Performance, Feed Intake and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers

2.64{\pm}0.1

The Survey of Total Mixed Ration Plant in Korea

in average yielding cows and

Effects of Increasing Moisture Content with or without Supplementing Inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) in TMR on Its Feed Value

2.28{\pm}0.1

Effect of Ad libitum and Restricted Milk Feeding on Growth Performance of Holstein Calves

in high yielding cows, respectively.】

Influence of Corn Processing and Rumen Undegradable Protein Levels on Performance of Holstein Cows during the Transitional Period

Young Moo Cho, Byung Ki Park, Eung Gi Kwon, Wang Shik Lee, Chang Yong Choe, Sam Kyu Son and Seong Koo HongNational Institute of Animal Science, RDAABSTRACTThis experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ruminally inserted artificial fiber (RIAF; polymerized fibrous implements) on growth performance, feed intake and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty six steers averaging 368.3±20.3kg were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, the ruminal insertion of three pieces (T1), and five pieces (T2) of RIAF. Average daily gain, feed intakes and conversions among treatments were similar. Numbers of rumen villi were higher in RIAF treatment (T1 and T2) groups than control group, but they were not significant (p>0.05). The length of villi were significantly longer in T2 than control group (p 0.05). There was no differences on carcass traits inc1uding longissmus muscle area, back fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, and fat color among treatments.(Key words :Hanwoo steer, RIAF, Feed intake, Villi, Carcass characteristics)

Comparison of Milk Yield and Milk Composition Between Before and After Auto Milking System (AMS) Use in Dairy Cow

This experiment was carried out to show a reform measures by grouping for problems by the survey of TMR plants. Twenty total mixed ration (TMR) plants (10 cooperation and 10 private plants) were surveyed, of which 13 plants, 65% of total TMR plants, committed TMR formulae to a outside nutrition specialist (TMR formulator). With respect to consulting fee for TMR formulae, thousands Won was paid monthly. On the basis of dry matter 1kg, the prices of TMR products were Won, whereas those of wet TMR products Won, which was appeared to be factors to increase management cost. And also, because the TMR plants did not provide TDN (total digestible nutrient) value on their products, nutritional balance feeding for cows could not be managed in farms. It was calculated, based on ADF (acid detergent fiber) value, that TDN value in dry type TMR was 63.0% and 73.2% fur private and cooperation TMR plants, respectively and that the corresponding figure in wet type TMR was 64.9% and 67.2%. According to TMR plant employee`s opinion, a prier items to enlarge TMR utilization were TMR education, TMR advertisement, and improvement of ability to make TMR formula. Therefore, for the purpose of further development of TMR, special education of persons related to TMR should be supported.

Effects of the Growth and Production Phase on Manure Production and Compositions in Holstein Dairy Cattle

This study was carried out to investigate effects of increasing moisture content with or without supplementing inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) in TMR (total mixed ration) on its feed value. In case of exposing TMR to air, the lower the moisture level of TMR was, the less its apparent condition was changed. The time of spreading of molds tended to be faster in TMR with the higher moisture level. And also the odor was influenced by moisture content and inoculant supplement that is, sour odor was smelled from 24 hour after exposing TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture to air, but TMR supplemented with inoculant had sweet odor. The inner temperature of TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture without inoculant tended to increase continually after the lapse of 6 hours when the TMR was exposed to air. The inner temperature of TMR containing 35% moisture with inoculant tended to increase dramatically after the lapse of 48 hours when exposed to air, but that of TMR containing 50% moisture with inoculant tended to increase after 6 hours. The pH of TMR containing 15% was consistent regardless of exposing time to air, but that of TMR containing 35% and 50% moisture considerably increased after 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The concentration of of TMR supplemented with inoculant was increased from 6 hours after exposure to air, while that or TMR without inoculant increased from 12 hours. Nutrient content or TMR tended to be increased with the increase of exposing time to air and storage time under sealed condition.