Way Foong Lim

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Morphological Properties of Europium (III) Oxide Doped Willemite

Willemite- (Zn2SiO4-) based glass ceramics doped with various amounts of europium oxide (Eu2O3) were prepared by solid state melting and quenching method. Effect of sintering temperature (600–1000°C) on structural and morphological properties of the doped samples was investigated. Phase composition, phase evolution, functional groups, and microstructure analysis were, respectively, characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray. XRD analysis detected the presence of rhombohedral crystalline phase in the doped samples sintered at different temperatures. FE-SEM and bulk density results confirmed that doping of the willemite with Eu2O3 effectively enhanced densification. The microstructural analysis of the doped samples showed that the average grain size increased with the increase of sintering temperature.

Characterization of Waste Material Derived Willemite-Based Glass-Ceramics Doped with Erbium

We reported, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the production of erbium doped willemite-based glass-ceramic using waste material. In this work, a willemite-based glass-ceramic was prepared from waste material to obtain excellent crystallinity and then doped with trivalent erbium (Er3

Manganese modified structural and optical properties of zinc soda lime silica glasses.

A series of MnO-doped zinc soda lime silica glass systems was prepared by a conventional melt and quenching technique. In this study, the x-ray diffraction analysis was applied to confirm the amorphous nature of the glasses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the glass network consists of MnO4, SiO4, and ZnO4 units as basic structural units. The glass samples under field emission scanning electron microscopy observation demonstrated irregularity in shape and size with glassy phase-like structure. The optical absorption studies revealed that the optical bandgap (Eopt) values decrease with an increase of MnO content. Through the results of various measurements, the doping of MnO in the glass matrix had effects on the performance of the glasses and significantly improved the properties of the glass sample as a potential host for phosphor material.

Structural and optical properties of erbium-doped willemite-based glass-ceramics

Willemite-based glass-ceramic was prepared from waste material using a conventional melt and quenching method. The crystalline willemite-based glass-ceramic was doped with Er2O3 (1-5 wt.%) followed by sintering at different temperatures (500°C-1100°C). Density and linear shrinkage were increased with the increase of the sintering temperature. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) confirmed an optimum optical absorption for sample doped with 3 wt.% of Er2O3 and sintered at 900°C. Photoluminescence measurements further confirmed 3 wt.% of Er2O3 as the optimum percentage of dopant. Results suggested that the obtained glass-ceramic could be a promising material for use as fiber amplifiers.

Effects of Calcination on the Crystallography and Nonbiogenic Aragonite Formation of Ark Clam Shell under Ambient Condition

This paper presents a study of crystallographic evolution of disposed ark clam shell (ACS) after calcination at 400–1400°C which was kept at room temperature under ambient condition in Malaysia during nine months. A better understanding of hydration and recarbonation of ACS powder (≤63 μm) after calcination was discovered by PXRD and FTIR. The research focuses on the crystallographic transformation, biogenic calcite decomposition, and unusual atmospheric aragonite formation in ACS after calcination and atmospheric air exposure. Ex situ PXRD showed calcite present in ACS at ≤900°C. ACS transformed to pyrogenic fcc CaO at ≥800°C after three months. Long term atmospheric air exposure of decarbonized ACS caused nucleation of nonbiogenic aragonite, vaterite, calcite, and portlandite. However, in situ PXRD analysis of ACS at instantaneous temperature without cooling process does not indicate the presence of aragonite, vaterite, and portlandite crystals. FTIR spectra revealed CaO–CO2 bond in ACS dissociated with temperature (600–900°C) to form CaO and CO2. Ca–OH bond was also traced in FTIR spectra of ≥700°C. It resulted by hydroadsorption of CaO with H2O in atmospheric air.

Preparation of SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 Glass-Ceramic from Waste Materials and Heat Treatment Effects on its Morphology

Currently, many researchers interested studying waste materials to recycle them or reuse them in new products. From the sustainable perspective development, it is necessary to implement new technologies to help reduce waste and thus minimize the environmental problems associated with disposal. In this study, the preparation of SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 (SNCP) glass-ceramic is composed of Soda Lime Silicate (SLS), Clam Shell (CS), Na2CO3 and P2O5 in the ratio of 50: 25: 20: 5 respectively. The waste materials that were used for fabricate glass-ceramic are SLS and CS. All the compounds were mixed to fabricate the SNCP glass-ceramic through solid state reaction. The samples were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission microscope (FESEM) and density measurement. The samples were sintered at temperature 550°C, 650°C, 750°C, 850°C until 950°C. The main phase obtained from XRD analysis is Sodium Calcium Silicate, Na2CaSiO4 with cubic crystal system at 550°C. The highest intensity phase of the diffraction peak is (220) and at the angle 33.7°. There was new peak presence at right side of the main phase Na2CaSiO4, which belong to Silicon Phosphate, SiP2O7 at 650°C and 750°C.When heat treatment increased at 850°C - 950°C, the main phase is Combeite, Na4Ca4(Si6O18) at diffraction peak (220) with rhombohedral crystal system which is assigned to high crystallization temperature (Tc). The density of samples increases at 550°C - 750°C and decreases when heat treatment 850°C - 950°C. Sample density decreases at heat treatment 850°C - 950°C due to increases of sample lattice parameter. FESEM analysis showed that the grain size and porosity increased when the heat treatment increased.