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Dive into the research topics where Wes E. Steiner is active.

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Featured researches published by Wes E. Steiner.


Talanta | 2002

Construction and characterization of a high-flow, high-resolution ion mobility spectrometer for detection of explosives after personnel portal sampling

Ching Wu; Wes E. Steiner; Pete S. Tornatore; Laura M. Matz; Wiliam F. Siems; David A. Atkinson; Herbert H. Hill

A novel analysis of explosives via the coupling of an airline passenger personnel portal with a high-flow (HF), high-resolution (HR) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was shown for the first time. The HF-HR-IMS utilized a novel ion aperture grid design with a (63)Ni ionization source while operating at ambient pressure in the positive ion mode at 200 degrees C. The HF-HR-IMS response characteristics of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (4,6DNOC), and cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) were investigated. Modifications made to the HF-HR-IMS exhaust and ionization source created an 800% increase in the total ion current (TIC), from 0.85 to 6.8 nA. This translated into a 65% ion response increase for TNT when compared with a traditional IMS. A mixture of TNT and (4,6DNOC) was used to successfully demonstrate the resolving power of the species with similar reduced mobility constants (K(o)), 1.54 and 1.59, respectively. The reactant ion (H(2)O)(n)H(+), peak was also used to measure the resolving power of the spectrometer while varying the internal diameter of three different aperture openings from 1.00 to 3.54cm. This provided a resolving power range of 50-60, double that typically achievable by commercial IMS instruments. Most important, these changes made in this new instrumental design can be implemented to all existing and future IMSs to greatly enhance the achievable IMS resolving power.


International Journal of Mass Spectrometry | 2002

Evaluation of micro-electrospray ionization with ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Laura M. Matz; Wes E. Steiner; Brian H. Clowers; Herbert H. Hill

In recent years, the resolving power of ion mobility instruments has been increased significantly, enabling ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to be utilized as an analytical separation technique for complex mixtures. In theory, decreasing the drift tube temperature results in increased resolution due to decreased ion diffusion. However, the heat requirements for complete ion desolvation with electrospray ionization (ESI) have limited the reduction of temperatures in atmospheric pressure ion mobility instruments. Micro-electrospray conditions were investigated in this study to enable more efficient droplet formation and ionization with the objective of reducing drift tube temperatures and increasing IMS resolution. For small molecules (peptides), the drift tube temperature was reduced to ambient temperature with good resolution by employing reduced capillary diameters and flow rates. By employing micro-spray conditions, experimental resolution values approaching theoretically predicted resolution were achieved over a wide temperature range (30 to 250 °C). The historical heat requirements of atmospheric pressure IMS due to ESI desolvation were eliminated due to the use of micro-spray conditions and the high-resolution IMS spectra of GLY-HIS-LYS was obtained at ambient temperature. The desolvation of proteins (cytochrome c) was found to achieve optimal resolution at temperatures greater than 125 °C. This is significantly improved from earlier IMS studies that required drift tube temperatures of 250°C for protein desolvation. (Int J Mass Spectrom 213 (2002) 191‐202)


Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques | 2012

An Extraction Assay Analysis for Galanthamine in Guinea Pig Plasma and its Application to Nerve Agent Countermeasures

Wes E. Steiner; Ioannis A Pikalov; Patrick T. Williams; William A. English; Corey J. Hilmas

Galanthamine hydrobromide (GAL HBr), approved material for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, is a centrally-acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) that is currently under evaluation as a therapeutic countermeasure against organophosphorus G- and V-Series nerve agents, which can induce rapid lethality in guinea pigs and humans. It has been shown that upon combination with atropine (ATR) and pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM), a single dose of GAL administered before or soon after the acute exposure to a lethal dose of organophosphorus compounds can safely counteract toxicity in guinea pigs. To that end a new sample preparation extraction method analysis assay has been explored to enable future high-throughput, reproducible, and sensitive assays for the extraction of galanthamine in guinea pig plasma. Samples were prepared with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH HCl) internal standard and recovered with 10 min liquid-liquid trichloromethane extractions. Samples were analyzed with a reversed phase liquid chromatographic column interfaced to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) operating in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) Turbo Ionspray mode. Precursor to product ion (M+H)+ transitions of 288-to-213 m/z and 256-to-167 m/z for GAL and DPH were observed, respectively. Sample run times of 1.50 min were achieved.


Archive | 2006

Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Monitoring the Destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents

Herbert H. Hill; Wes E. Steiner

Monitoring chemical agents to verify their destruction is not a trivial matter. Although the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) that entered into force in 1997 stated that the “The inspection team shall have the right to perform on-site analysis of samples using approved equipment brought by it” [2] few if any analyses are made during inspections [1]. The difficulty in making field measurements of CWAs results from requirement of using mass spectrometers. While mass spectrometers provide high specificity to insure the identification of the CWA, they are costly and difficult to operate under field conditions. Alternatively, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used for field analysis but this method is not sufficiently selective to eliminate numerous false positive responses. The combination of IMS with MS however offers and attractive alternative for the verification of CWA and their degradation products in the field. The addiction of an IMS as the interface to a mass spectrometer reduces the operational requirements on the mass spectrometer while the addition of a mass spectrometer after separation by ion mobility improves the selectivity of IMS. The chemical threat agents which need to be monitored have a wide range of structural complexity. The simplest of these are the chemical agents such as nerve, vesicant, and blood agents along with their corresponding degradation products. These traditional CWAs having a low molecular weight provide an acute toxicity on the level of 10 games/person. In addition to traditional CWAs, emerging chemical agents such as toxic industrial chemicals and aerosols must also be detected and identified. More chronic but also more potent chemical agents such as bioregulators and toxins must also be detected and monitored. Bioregulators, such as


Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques | 2013

Current trends in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry instrumentation: A hyphenated technology for analytical & bioanalytical techniques

Wes E. Steiner

Extended Abstract A great variety of chemicals are present in environment. In particular effect to give the human, an animal and an ecosystem with hormone-disrupting chemicals is concerned. For example, the substance called 17β-estradiol is a kind of the female sex hormone called estrogen. The abnormality of the generative organ is found excessively by binding to an estrogen receptor. Also, it has been reported the retinoic acid produces malformation for frame formation by binding to a receptor excessively. Resemblance active substance binding to these receptors, an unknown active agent, unexpected product are present in environment, and there is multiplex exposure. It is difficult to distinguish these by instrumental analysis. Therefore it is an organism reply, the bioassay that can evaluate complex effect comprehensively to be used. Not only we performed environmental monitoring using the yeast twohybrid method which is one of the bioassay, but also we applied it to the component analysis of the plant. Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay is bioassay technique to use the recombination yeast which introduced a fusion protein of GAL4DNA binding domain (GAL4 DBD) of ligand binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptors such as sex hormone or the thyroid hormone (Shiraishi et al., 2000, Kamata et al., 2008). The yeast Two-hybrid Assay method which we used in this study was carried out by the method that improved a traditional approach in our laboratory. In a previous study, we investigated Azolla [Azolla cristata × filiculoides] of the aquatic fern plant which showed RAR binding activity (Sawabe et al., 2012). Red and green leaves of Azolla were extracted with methanol for one week, respectively. The methanol extract was treated with organic solvents, and the extracts examined RAR binding activity. Remarkable activity was separated over silica gel column chromatography.


Analytical Chemistry | 2005

Detection of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant in Various Aerosol Matrixes by Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Wes E. Steiner; Steve J. Klopsch; William A. English; and Brian H. Clowers; Herbert H. Hill


Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry | 2005

Separation of sodiated isobaric disaccharides and trisaccharides using electrospray ionization-atmospheric pressure ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry

Brian H. Clowers; Prabha Dwivedi; Wes E. Steiner; Herbert H. Hill; Brad Bendiak


Analytical Chemistry | 2002

Rapid Screening of Aqueous Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation Products: Ambient Pressure Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

Wes E. Steiner; Brian H. Clowers; Laura M. Matz; and William F. Siems; Herbert H. Hill


Analytical Chemistry | 2003

Secondary Ionization of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants: Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Wes E. Steiner; Brian H. Clowers; Paul E. Haigh; Herbert H. Hill


Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | 2001

Electrospray ionization with ambient pressure ion mobility separation and mass analysis by orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Wes E. Steiner; Brian H. Clowers; Katrin Fuhrer; Marc Gonin; Laura M. Matz; William F. Siems; Albert J. Schultz; Herbert H. Hill

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Herbert H. Hill

Washington State University

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Brian H. Clowers

Washington State University

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William A. English

Washington State University

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Laura M. Matz

Washington State University

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Steve J. Klopsch

Washington State University

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William F. Siems

Washington State University

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Brad Bendiak

Anschutz Medical Campus

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Charles S. Harden

Edgewood Chemical Biological Center

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Ching Wu

Washington State University

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Corey J. Hilmas

United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense

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