Wiebke Sievers

Citizenship policies in the New Europe

The two most recent EU enlargements in May 2004 and in January 2007 have greatly increased the diversity of historic experiences and contemporary conceptions of statehood, nation-building and citizenship within the Union. How did newly formed states determine who would become their citizens? How do countries relate to their large emigrant communities, to ethnic kin minorities in neighbouring countries and to minorities in their own territory? And to which extent have their citizenship policies been affected by new immigration and integration into the European Union? Citizenship Policies in the New Europe describes the citizenship laws in each of the twelve new countries as well as in the accession states Croatia and Turkey and analyses their historical background. Citizenship Policies in the New Europe complements two volumes on Acquisition and Loss of Nationality in the fifteen old Member States published in the same series in 2006.

Statistics and reality: concepts and measurements of migration in Europe

Table of contents - 6[-]List of figures - 10[-]List of tables - 12[-]Preface - 18[-]European migration: Historical overview and statistical problems - 22[-]Part 1 Post-colonial countries - 46[-]1. Belgium - 48[-]2. France - 68[-]3. United Kingdom - 90[-]Part 2 Guestworker receiving countries - 110[-]4. Austria - 112[-]5. Germany - 132[-]6. Switzerland - 152[-]Part 3 Post-communist countries - 168[-]7. Hungary - 170[-]8. Poland - 196[-]9. Romania - 218[-]Part 4 New immigrant receiving countries - 232[-]10. Greece - 234[-]11. Portugal - 264[-]12. Turkey - 282[-]Statistics and migration: Past, present and future - 298[-]List of contributors - 314

Writing Politics: The Emergence of Immigrant Writing in West Germany and Austria

This paper compares the emergence of immigrant writing in Germany and Austria with a view to explaining why a guestworker literature emerged in Germany in the 1970s but not in Austria despite the fact that the two countries’ immigration histories were comparable. Whilst these differing developments can be traced back to a number of factors, the paper argues that a critical factor is the opportunity structure within the receiving countries. Using this approach and Bourdieus theory on the literary field, I show that the changes in the literary field in Germany were conducive to such a development at the time, while the structure of the literary field in Austria hampered such a development. However, when the first immigrant and ethnic minority publications eventually appeared in Austria in the 1990s, the circumstances were comparable to those in Germany in the 1970s: the writers positioned themselves as immigrants to express their opposition to mechanisms of political and cultural exclusion. Yet, the responses to these developments differed: while the works written in 1970s’ West Germany display a strong belief that change can be brought about by workers’ solidarity in the fight against capitalism, the novels published in the last decade in Austria seem to subscribe to a more individualised approach to social change.

A contested terrain: immigrants and their descendants in Viennese culture

Culture in Vienna has become more diverse with successive waves of immigration since the 1960s, but Austrian cultural policies have been slow in picking up this trend. While the federal state has been focusing on maintaining traditional cultural institutions in Vienna such as the Staatsoper, the Burgtheater and the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the city of Vienna has pushed integration and later diversity in cultural policies since the 1990s, albeit more in discourse than in actual funding. Artists of immigrant origin harshly criticise this dire situation: they claim the place which they have not yet been granted, not only in cultural policies, but also in society.

Deutschsprachige Rezeption in Rumänien und Mitteleuropa

Herta Mullers Rezeption in Rumanien und Deutschland wurde bisher nur sporadisch untersucht. Das mag damit zusammenhangen, dass Rezeptionsstudien in Zeiten von kulturwissenschaftlichen Ansatzen in der Literaturwissenschaft generell ins Hintertreffen geraten sind, und zwar besonders solche, die sich nur auf einen nationalen Raum beschranken.

Turkish Migrant Writers in Europe: Mehmed Uzun in Sweden and Aras Ören in West Germany

The literatures that have emerged from post-war Turkish migration to Europe have become a topic of discussion since the 1980s. However, studies comparing the emergence of these literatures in different European contexts are rare. This article compares Sweden and West Germany, two contexts where migration from Turkey has a similar history, but where the resulting literatures differ massively due to different political and literary conditions. Multicultural, and in particular multilingual, public policies in Sweden have facilitated the emergence of a Kurdish diaspora literature; this then became a major impetus for the emergence of a Kurdish literature in Turkey when it was finally possible to write and publish in Kurdish there in the 1990s. The emergence of the New Left in West Germany, reflected in a re-awakened workers’ literature and new left-wing publishing houses in the German literary field, has provided publishing opportunities for Turkish migrant writers influenced by a socialist internationalist tradition in the 1970s. These works laid the foundation for a literary tradition that has since come to be regarded as having changed the understanding of what it means to be German.

Grenzen der Übersetzung Anne Dudens Übergang in englischer und französischer Sprache

This article will show that Anne Duden’s literary project to express an ‚impossible possibility of being‘ clashes with contemporary translation practice. In the light of these clashes I attempt to reread Anne Duden’s Übergang. Starting with an introductory exploration of these premises this article will turn to a critical discussion of the different marketing strategies used for the English and the French publication. Finally I compare and contrast the two translations of the text ‘Herz und Mund’ concluding that Anne Duden’s writing of otherness calls for a new understanding of translation.

Übersetzungslehrbücher: Perspektiven für ihre Entwicklung

Was vom Autorenteam an unterschiedlichen Aspekten allein zu Kultur und Gesellschaft des heutigen Lebens in Deutschland in langer Arbeit zu viert zusammengetragen und geordnet worden ist, kann nicht ohne weiteres von einer einzelnen Lehrperson optimal weitervermittelt werden. Freilich gibt der Unterrichtsbegleiter viele nützliche Hilfen, die in kluger Zurückhaltung als Vorschläge formuliert sind. Eine stringente Sequenz für die Vermittlung wird nicht vorgeschrieben, sondern etwa als »möglicher Arbeitsablauf« geschildert. Dies ist zu begrüßen, wenn auch manches offen und zur Weiterbehandlung dem Lehrer überlassen bleibt, selbst wenn sich dieser, etwa außerhalb Deutschlands, präzisere Angaben wünschte. Hierfür ein einziges Beispiel: